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Feminist global food ethics
Published in Wendy A. Rogers, Jackie Leach Scully, Stacy M. Carter, Vikki A. Entwistle, Catherine Mills, The Routledge Handbook of Feminist Bioethics, 2022
Shiva claims that women and girls suffer the most from diet-related illnesses and “obesity,” which she attributes to “industrial/junk foods” (Shiva 2009: 18). As scholars including Alison Reiheld (2015) and Abby Wilkerson (2010) argue, there are good reasons to be critical of the framing of “obesity” as a problem in itself. Though the body mass index (BMI) category of “obese” is defined as a disease by the American Medical Association (Reiheld 2015: 228), the relationship between body size and health is much more complex than this conflation of fatness with illness suggests. The relationship between eating behaviors – including the consumption of “industrial/junk foods” – and size is also complex and widely misunderstood. Nevertheless, diet-related illnesses like type-2 diabetes and heart disease are a significant and legitimate public health concern (WHO 2021). Even if women are not themselves affected by these illnesses, they may be expected to take care of ill family members (Wilkerson 2010: 65). Furthermore, anti-obesity public health campaigns often target women and their food practices (Reiheld 2015); as the person who presumably makes food and health decisions for the family, they may be blamed not only for their own health status but for the size or illness of family members.
Hunger Always Wins
Published in Joel Michael Reynolds, Christine Wieseler, The Disability Bioethics Reader, 2022
It is common to conflate fatness with unhealthful “lifestyle choices.” But body size is not a matter of choice. To be clear, my point is not that fat people “do not eat a lot of food.” People vary greatly in the amount that we need to eat to feel satisfied, and there is nothing wrong with having a large appetite. Yet two additional points should be made. First, how much one eats does not determine one’s body size (Gard and Wright 2005, 44–45). Some fat people eat a lot; some eat a little. The same is true of thin people. Second, how much one eats is not a matter of choice. Hunger is a powerful force, and when one tries to eat less than one’s body demands, the drive to eat often becomes uncontrollable.
Psychiatry and social medicine
Published in Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge, MCQs in Paediatrics, 2020
Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge
13.17. Which of the following is/are recognized features of anorexia nervosa in adolescent girls?Amenorrhoea.Hyperthyroidism.High physical activity.Fluid and electrolyte abnormalities.Accurate description of body size.
The effects of body size and training environment on the physical performance of adolescent basketball players: the INEX study
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2023
Eduardo Guimarães, Adam D. G. Baxter-Jones, A. Mark Williams, Fernando Tavares, Manuel A. Janeira, José Maia
Although there is a growing interest in the long-term development of young athletes (Pichardo et al. 2018), longitudinal data on the physical development of young basketball players is limited (te Wierike et al. 2014; Carvalho et al. 2019). Therefore, we use an allometric approach, embedded in a longitudinal multilevel (hierarchical) statistical model, to address two key aims. First, we identified the optimal body size and shape characteristics associated with the physical performance of adolescent basketball players. Second, we investigated the effects of training experience, training volume, maturity status, and club characteristics on physical performance development, using ontogenetic allometry. The following questions were examined: (i) is a more ectomorphic body shape positively associated with physical performance development? (ii) does increased training experience, training volume, and biological maturation enhance physical performance levels? (iii) are club characteristics significantly linked with physical performance development over time?
Traumatic stress, body shame, and internalized weight stigma as mediators of change in disordered eating: a single-arm pilot study of the Body Trust® framework
Published in Eating Disorders, 2022
First, a Body Trust® practice rejects the notion that to achieve health and well-being, people should aim for an ideal body size. As a strengths-based model, it incorporates a Weight Inclusive Approach to care which centralizes the social determinants of health and experiences of weight stigma as a driver of poorer physical and mental health (Tylka et al., 2014). Weight inclusive care is a framework built on a growing body of research calling for the decoupling of weight and health and prioritizing well-being instead of weight loss for individuals higher on the weight spectrum (e.g., Bacon & Aphramor, 2011; Bacon et al., 2005; Calogero et al., 2019; Mensinger et al., 2016a). Recognizing the significance of weight stigma, the framework underscores how the dominant weight-centric health paradigm creates fertile ground for internalizing weight stigma (i.e., when negative attitudes about higher weight endorsed by society are turned inward against oneself). Studies show associations between internalized weight stigma and a whole host of negative health outcomes—from not enjoying, and avoiding, exercise (Mensinger & Meadows, 2017; Vartanian & Novak, 2011), delaying preventive healthcare (Lee & Pausé, 2016; Mensinger et al., 2018), to increasing binge eating (Durso et al., 2012; Palmeira et al., 2017; see Pearl & Puhl, 2018 for a review). With Tylka et al.’s Weight Inclusive Approach (2014) at its core, Body Trust® proposes that weight stigma is an under-evaluated but necessary target mechanism for individuals struggling with disordered eating.
Body Appreciation and Discontinuing Contraceptive Use Due to Concern About Weight Gain: A Brief Report
Published in International Journal of Sexual Health, 2021
Mackenzie Cook, Virginia Ramseyer Winter, Lindsay Ruhr
While this study contributes to the fields of sexual health and body image research, there are some limitations worth noting. The use of Reddit to recruit women allowed us to get a more ethnically and racially diverse sample, which is something typically lacking in body image research. While the largest racial and ethnic group in our sample was non-Hispanic White women, this group only accounted for 27.6% of the sample. Although Reddit did help us get a racially and ethnically diverse sample, we do not have data on participant culture, religiosity, or geographic location. In this study, BMI was analyzed as a measure of body size. Satinsky and Ingraham (2014) highlighted the potential issues with using BMI as a measure of body size and we recognize these limitations; however, it is the best measure that is currently available. The mean BMI of the study sample was 26.33 (SD = 7.33). In 2015–2016, 71.6% of Americans age 20 and older were classified as “overweight,” which included those who also met the criteria for obesity (Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, n.d.a). Among our sample, 41.4% of the sample was women of higher weights, which is lower than the general population.