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Adolescence
Published in Julia Whitaker, Alison Tonkin, Play for Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
Adolescence is the transitional stage between childhood and adulthood encompassing major biological development and the growth of social roles and relationships. During this period, adolescents require nurturing, secure environments that facilitate the growth of resilience and a positive sense of who they are, as well as a need to be valued for what they have to offer to their community and society as a whole. Parents continue to be a significant part of their child’s life and playful endeavors provide a conduit for sharing experiences and communication at a time when boundaries are tested, and logical thought processes are still being developed. Adolescence, rich with creativity and innovation, is the ideal time for exploration through play, which supports the drive for self-discovery and the development of personal identity.
Social Behavior and the Child’s Development
Published in L.S. Vygotsky, V.V. Davydov, Silverman Robert, Educational Psychology, 2020
The other question is solved if we note the following. A child actually passes through many stages of adaptation to the social environment, and the functions of his social behavior are highly variable, depending on particular developmental stages. The child’s social behavior, therefore, must be thought of as behavior that has been refracted innumerable times as a function of the biological development of the organism.
The nature of adolescence and its family, societal, community, cultural and developmental challenges
Published in Ilana B. Crome, Richard Williams, Roger Bloor, Xenofon Sgouros, Substance Misuse and Young People, 2019
Adolescence is a biologically-based age stage, but is not reducible to the psychological correlates of biological development. Adolescence is a phase of transition that is shaped by interpersonal, social, political and historical contexts, and this understanding partly helps to explain why the boundaries of adolescence have changed over time. Different theoretical perspectives agree that identity is important in adolescence, that it changes in this age-stage, and that this change is in part a function of various challenges, including changing relations within families and the changing world of work. Adolescents have psychological and social resources that enable them to deal with the challenges they face – though their solutions to these challenges may not always correspond to adult definitions of positive outcomes. Groups and social networks have been much maligned in both popular culture and the early literature, but recent research points to the role of group memberships as a positive source of identity, resilience and action. These points about the nature of adolescence and its family, societal, community, cultural, developmental challenges have implications for practice. The key message of this chapter is thus that understandings of, and hence interventions in relation to, adolescent risk behaviours, such as substance use, must take account of the fact that adolescence is a psychosocial transition stage, not just a biological one.
Sinisan ameliorates colonic injury induced by water immersion restraint stress by enhancing intestinal barrier function and the gut microbiota structure
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Xiaoying Xu, Huimei Hu, Haizhou Zeng, Boyi Li, Qiuxiong Yin, Yupeng Jiang, Linquan Zang, Changlin Zhao, Guoqiang Qian
The expression of TJ proteins was detected using Western blotting. Radioimmunoprecipitation assay buffer (RIPA) (Beyotime Biotechnology, China) was used to extract the total protein. The BCA kit was used to measure the total protein content (KGI Biological Development Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China). Sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) was used to separate proteins, and then they were transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes (IPVH00010, Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). The primary anti-ZO-1 (No. ab216880, Abcam, Cambs, UK), anti-claudin-1 (No. sc-166338, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA) and anti-occludin (No. ab216327, Abcam, Cambs, UK) antibodies were used to incubated overnight at 4 °C.After washing with TBST, the membranes were incubated with HRP-coupled secondary antibodies (southern Biotech, USA) for 2 h at 4 °C. The StarSignal system (GenStar, Beijing, China) was used to identify protein signals, and Image J image analysis software was used to analyze the grayscale values of the target strips.
One of these things is not like the other: time to differentiate between relative age and biological maturity selection biases in soccer?
Published in Science and Medicine in Football, 2022
Chris Towlson, Calum MacMaster, James Parr, Sean Cumming
A recent study by Parr et al. (2020) has shown that the effect of both maturation and relative age upon physical performance measures in youth soccer players is discrete, highlighting that these measures should not be considered mutually influential. This implies that the underpinning mechanisms for these selection phenomena in this scenario are separate entities. However, relative age did have a weak (R= 0.19 to 0.23) correlation with physical performance measures; that said, it was biological maturation which likely acted as the underpinning mechanism for change within these phenotypes evidenced by strong (R= 0.75 to 0.71) and significant (P< 0.01) correlation values of the examined physical fitness characteristics, with only maximal vertical jump height being significantly (P< 0.05; R2 = 0.23) influenced by relative age. It is, therefore, likely, that individual biological development is responsible for regulating these physical characteristics. Despite limitations associated with the participant group, specifically the small sample size representing Q4 and all players being from the same academy setup, the results agree with previous research by Johnson et al. (2017).
Teaching Puberty for LGBTQIA + Diversity, Inclusion, and Beyond: A New Model of Expansive Pubertal Understanding
Published in American Journal of Sexuality Education, 2022
It is a small set of steps, to share accurate information on biological development, which can radically alter not just the teaching of, but the individual psychological experiences often associated with, the fascinating and gut-wrenching processes of growth and development: To go beyond post hoc “inclusion” and to instead normalize all bodies, identities, sexualities, and struggles from the start. Teaching the expansive and connected range of normality can eventually supplant, rather than support, the very cultural pressures that have thus far made them so obscure. What a gift that would be, for everyone.