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Knowledge Areas 7 and 8: Management of Labour and Management of Delivery
Published in Rekha Wuntakal, Ziena Abdullah, Tony Hollingworth, Get Through MRCOG Part 1, 2020
Rekha Wuntakal, Ziena Abdullah, Tony Hollingworth
The side effects are tremor, palpitations, headache, tachycardia and serious complications such as pulmonary oedema. Beta-receptor stimulation also leads to vasodilatation and as a result there is a compensatory tachycardia, increase in stroke volume and increase in the cardiac output.
Common cardiac conditions, drugs and methods of assessment
Published in Judy Bothamley, Maureen Boyle, Medical Conditions Affecting Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2020
Beta blockers (e.g., atenolol, labetalol and propranolol) inhibit the effects of adrenaline on beta receptor cells, decreasing the heart rate and the strength of the cardiac contraction. This therefore reduces the workload of the heart and also reduces the oxygen requirements of the myocardial cells. Gradual withdrawal from these drugs is needed. Side effects include fatigue, cold extremities, bronchoconstriction (therefore contraindicated in asthma), hypotension, bradycardia and heart block. All these drugs cross the placenta and although there is not considered to be a significant fetal risk in using them (Khalil and O’Brien, 2006). IUGR has been identified (Magee and Duley, 2003).
Adrenergic Antagonists
Published in Sahab Uddin, Rashid Mamunur, Advances in Neuropharmacology, 2020
β antagonists are extensively employed in treating coronary heart diseases, angina, hyper-tension, and congestive cardiac failure. They are also employed in treating myocardial infarction, supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, in treating HOCM, palpitation, syncope and in managing pheochromocytoma, acute dissecting aortic aneurysm (Poirier et al., 2012; Toda, 2003). In ophthalmology, its use is in treating glaucoma by lowering aqueous humor production. They can also be used as adjuvant in managing hyperthyroidism, migraine prophylaxis, acute panic symptoms, essential tremor, akathisia, and in the prevention of variceal bleeding in portal hypertension. Competitive beta receptor adrenergic antagonists are extensively employed in treating hypertension, ischemic cardiac disease, congestive heart failure, and in cardiac arrhythmias (Brubacher, 2015; Brunton et al., 2011Poirier et al., 2012; Toda, 2003).
Perfusion index as a predictor of hypotension after induction of general anesthesia in elderly patients – a prospective observational study
Published in Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2023
Sherif Abdullah Mohamed, Mona Yousry Helmy, Sara A Khattab, Ayman Mohammed Hossam, Mohamed S. Arafa
The incidence of early hypotension was 53.3%, while late hypotension occurred in 36.7% of patients as with the induction of anesthesia, older individuals are prone to higher hemodynamic instability and sensitivity to volume status. This is related to increased sympathetic tone at rest and modified beta receptor sensitivity, diminished intravascular volume due to decreased thirst response to hypovolemia, preload dependency due to increased myocardial stiffness, increased arterial stiffness, decreased sinus node efficiency, and baroreceptor responsiveness, with the result of a marked reduction in cardiovascular reserve beside myocardial inhibitory and vasodilatory effects of anesthetics and other patients comorbidities. Aging may diminish functional brain reserve and impair cerebral autoregulation, making the organ more susceptible to minute hemodynamic changes. So, they are at increased risk of complications such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and delirium [3,4].
Adrenergic receptor behaviors of mesenchymal stem cells obtained from different tissue sources and the effect of the receptor blockade on differentiation
Published in Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction, 2022
Erkan Maytalman, Arash Alizadeh Yegani, Ilknur Kozanoglu, Fazilet Aksu
Our aim was to determine how receptors behave in passages and differentiations through changes in mRNA expression. As a result, changes in expressions of differentiations that treated and untreated with blockers also indicated the presence of the receptor. In addition, blocker use also showed effect and importance of receptor in differentiation. Given the study, marked increases were noted in ADRA1A and ADRA'A expression for adipogenic differentiation in BM-derived cells. These results, not observed for FM, indicate that receptor activity in differentiation differs based on source of the cells retrieved. In addition, our study revealed how receptor blockade affects alpha–beta cross expression as an important outcome. The increased expression of alpha receptor under propranolol effect and increased beta receptor expression under phenoxybenzamine effect demonstrated to be interconnected functions of these receptors during differentiation. Such a relationship was also shown in a study on norepinephrine sensitivity of MSCs. Authors reported that β-AR activation is required for high α1A-AR expression and signal [30]. However, cross-effect on differentiation is first shown in our study.
Association of beta blocker use and hearing ability in adults: a cross-sectional study
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2022
Deanna Wung, Thadé Goderie, Marieke F. van Wier, Mariska Stam, Sophia E. Kramer
This study enriches the existing literature with a more clinically relevant viewpoint on the relationship between medication use and hearing ability. A previous cross-sectional study using NL-SH data also investigated medication use and hearing ability (Stam et al. 2015) and found no significant relationship between hearing ability and the odds of reporting beta blocker use. In contrast, our study placed beta blocker use as the independent variable in an effort to identify effects of beta blocker use. We also provide an additional dimension by including analyses of beta blocker subclass and dose strength. A previous study on beta-adrenergic medication use and hearing (Mills et al. 1999) combined both beta agonists and beta antagonists, two opposing pharmacological effects. Our study is better positioned to provide clearer results about beta receptor action by focussing on beta antagonists.