China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Local mucosal allergic disease
Published in Richard F. Lockey, Dennis K. Ledford, Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy, 2020
Ibon Eguiluz-Gracia, Paloma Campo, Carmen Rondón
The basophil activation test (BAT) investigates the allergen-triggered, IgE-mediated reactivity of peripheral basophils. When performed 24 hours after a NAC, the BAT has a sensitivity of 50% and 66% for the diagnosis of LAR due to HDM and olive pollen tree, respectively [43,44]. With both allergens specificity was greater than 90%. The pretreatment of basophils with the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin suppressed the positive BAT responses, thus confirming an IgE-mediated mechanism of basophil activation [43].
Allergy: Basic Mechanisms and Tests
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Louise Jayne Clark, Adam J Donne, R James A England, Hisham M Mehanna, Gerald William McGarry, Sean Carrie, Basic Sciences Endocrine Surgery Rhinology, 2018
The Basophil Activation Test (BAT) (Figure 14.4) is an in vitro study of peripheral basophils responses to stimuli.18-20 BAT can use whole blood and therefore is more accessible than mast cells to study IgE mediated responses in allergic reaction. These can be assessed mainly by two methods: measurement of mediator release (e.g. histamine); or detecting the increase in cell surface molecules or newly expressed cell surface molecules (e.g. CD63, CD69, CD203c).
Anisakis, Allergy and the Globalization of Food
Published in Andreas L. Lopata, Food Allergy, 2017
Fiona J. Baird, Yasuyuki Morishima, Hiromu Sugiyama
Most often upon serologically examination of allergen-specific IgE, this will be demonstrated to be an incorrect diagnosis (Sharp et al. 2014) meaning that the patient has subjected themselves to an unnecessary exclusion diet. The allergen-specific IgE test coupled with allergen-specific IgG tests are confirmatory of a prior anisakiasis infection/s; however high levels of IgE is not indicative of a reactive food allergy especially when total extracts are used as key allergens may be underrepresented in the extract (Larenas-Linnemann et al. 2008). Basophil activation tests (BAT) are also useful in determining if allergic immune responses will be induced in the presence of allergens and allergen-specific IgE in the patient’s sera. Basophil activation tests have demonstrated to be helpful when the patient’s other test results are inconclusive. For example when the allergen-specific IgE level is low but the patient is experiencing allergic symptoms when exposed to the allergen either through ingestion or through skin prick test (Pignatti et al. 2015). Skin prick test using purified allergens or direct food-source-prick to patient-skin-prick, and double-blind placebo-controlled food- challenges under supervised conditions are the most accurate tests available at confirming a true reactive food allergy (Hoffmann- Sommergruber et al. 2015).
What happens to basophils and tryptase, LXA4 and CysLTs during aspirin desensitization?
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2023
Gülfem E. Çelik, Ömür Aydin, Deniz Güloğlu, Derya Seçil, Mehmet Melli, Figen Doğu, Aydan Ikinciogullari, Betül A. Sin, Yavuz Demirel, Zeynep Misirligil
Beyond the studies showing tryptase and Cys-LTs releases, recent studies focused on flow cytometric evaluation of basophil activation in N-ERD (23,24,30–32). Although conflicting results exist, there are some suggestive data on basophil involvement in the pathogenesis of N-ERD (30–34). Altered basophil identification markers have been discovered to associate with allergic asthma in recent years. In this sense, in a recent study finding of upregulated expressions of CD123, CD203c, and CD63 in granulocytes of patients with Allergic Asthma and Allergic rhinitis suggested that CD123+HLA-DR- cells may contribute to the development of AA and ARA (35). In terms of basophil identification markers; so far, only a single study performed by Silberman et al. examined basophil activation during ATAD for 6–8 weeks (36). This study showed persistent basophil activation at 6–8 weeks after ATAD in patients with NERD who had coronary artery disease. They also documented that urinary excretion of thromboxane-B2 diminished substantially in desensitized patients but remained higher than in controls (36). Similar to this data, our findings also suggested activation of basophils during AD, starting from the first reaction during AD and lasting till 3 months of treatment. However, there were no mediator releases of either tryptase or cys-LT, indicating nonfunctional activation of basophils in our trial. Taken together, our findings suggested the data on involvement of basophils without releasing inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of N-ERD.
Allergen immunotherapy: progress and future outlook
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2023
Lara Šošić, Marta Paolucci, Stephan Flory, Fadi Jebbawi, Thomas M. Kündig, Pål Johansen
Due to the length of AIT, it is difficult to define one biomarker or a set of biomarkers that will work well throughout and after the therapeutic period. A successful AIT biomarker should take into account the immunological events that occur along treatment, such as desensitization of effector cells, shift toward TH1-like immune response, antagonizing chronic type-1 response, regulatory responses, and amplification of the regulation phase. According to EAACI, potential AIT biomarkers monitoring clinical efficacy are divided into six domains: (i) antibodies, (ii) serum inhibitory activity of IgE, (iii) basophil activation markers, (iv) cytokines and chemokines, (v) cellular biomarkers, and (vi) in vivo biomarkers [105]. In addition, microRNAs lately emerged also as potential biomarker for AIT in certain allergies [107]. There are, however, many challenges in finding accurate biomarkers that can be used as measurable indicators of the presence and severity of allergic disease, as well as their response to treatment [106]. In the section below, we briefly summarize the possible candidates that have been investigated.
Precision medicine in the allergy clinic: the application of component resolved diagnosis
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2022
Carmen Panaitescu, Laura Haidar, Maria Roxana Buzan, Manuela Grijincu, Daniela Elena Spanu, Catalina Cojanu, Alexandru Laculiceanu, Roxana Bumbacea, Ioana Agache
Patients sensitized to proteins that are thermo-stable and resistant to digestion are at higher risk of developing severe reactions to raw and even cooked foods. A recent systematic review of 11 studies reported on the diagnostic accuracy and risk assessment ability of CRD in food allergy [71]. The components with the highest diagnostic accuracy for each allergen, along with their sensitivity-specificity pairs, were: Bos d 4 for cow’s milk (62.0% and 87.5%) [124], Gal d 1 for hen’s egg (84.2% and 89.8% for heated egg, and 60.6% and 97.1% for raw egg) [125], Ara h 6 for peanut (94.9% and 95.1%) [126], Cor a 14 for hazelnut (100% and 93.8%) [127], and Lit v 1 for shrimp (82.8% and 56.3%) allergy [128]. However, none of the identified sIgE cutoffs has shown a specificity and sensitivity profile as accurate as the oral food challenge (OFC). Basophil activation studies provide an added diagnostic value, especially for severe reactions [129,130]. Combining CRD with clinical information and with extract-based detection of sIgE might be superior to CRD alone in assessing the risk of severe reactions [129,131] (Figure 2).