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Tumors of the Nervous System
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Growth factor and growth factor receptor overexpression are common in malignant gliomas and may accelerate tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Most of these are found predominantly in diffuse, high-grade, astrocytic tumors and include the following: EGFR.Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF).Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1).Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF-2).Transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha.
Fibrogenic Cytokines in Airway Fibrosis
Published in Alastair G. Stewart, AIRWAY WALL REMODELLING in ASTHMA, 2020
Basic fibroblast growth factor is a 146 amino acid protein with an isoelectric point of 9.6.147 The gene for bFGF on chromosome 4 codes for both the 155 amino acid protein and a number of forms of higher molecular weight. The source of bFGF is unclear, although it is produced in vitro by fibroblasts, endothelial cells, glial cells, and smooth muscle cells.148–154 Both bFGF and aFGF undergo heparin binding, a factor which may alter biologic potency.155 Several associated FGFs have also been described, predominantly in developing tissues rather than in the adult state, or in tumours.146 A family of FGF receptors has been identified and cloned.156 At least one member of the FGF receptor family (FGFR-3) can be activated by both aFGF and bFGF. bFGF has been shown to bind to heparin-like molecules in basement membranes,157 suggesting a “storage” form, which may be more stable and protected from denaturation. Also, the biologic activity of aFGF is enhanced by the addition of heparan sulphate proteoglycans.158 Such an effect may be due to conformational changes in the molecule brought about by this interaction.
Myringoplasty
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Christopher P Aldren, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Raymond W Clarke, Richard M Irving, Haytham Kubba, Shakeel R Saeed, Paediatrics, The Ear, Skull Base, 2018
Several xenogenous materials have been investigated. Equine and bovine pericardium were found to be inferior to temporalis fascia.38 Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) has been studied since exogenous bovine FGF stimulates the proliferation of fibroblasts and vascular cells, induces endothelial cell migration, releases matrix-degrading proteases and forms tubular structures resembling blood capillaries.62,63 FGF has been used either in combination with atelocollagen, a type 1 collagen material derived from calf dermis, with closure achieved in 92% of 87 patients,64 or to large (greater than 50%) traumatic perforations applied either via a Gelfoam patch over the perforation, or as drops alone with very encouraging results of 97% and 100% closure respectively within 10 days, compared to 55% in the control group within 41 days.65
Different applications of temperature responsive nanogels as a new drug delivery system mini review
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2023
Reyhaneh Sam, Mahsan Divanbeigi Kermani, Mandana Ohadi, Soodeh Salarpour, Gholamreza Dehghannoudeh
Additionally, Lin et al. developed a hydrogel that releases drugs and factors stepwise based on the thermo-responsive properties of NIPAM. NIPAM was used to create a nanogel containing primary fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), whose LCST is 33 °C. The LCST of another nanogel formed by NIPAM-co-acrylic acid (NIPAM-co-AA) was around 40 °C. To apply the nanogel to the wound surface, the nanogels were encapsulated in a sodium alginate hydrogel. The wound site temperature at the inflammation stage would be about 37 °C, higher than the LCST of NIPAM nanogel but lower than NIPAM-co-AA nanogel (Lin et al. 2020). The composite wound dressings reduced inflammation and increased angiogenesis in the wounded animal model compared with the hydrogel treated with DS and bFGF directly (Dong and Guo 2021).
Dual loading of Nigella sativa oil-atorvastatin in chitosan–carboxymethyl cellulose nanogel as a transdermal delivery system
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Fereshteh Bagheri, Sara Darakhshan, Saharnaz Mazloomi, Behrang Shiri Varnamkhasti, Reza Tahvilian
The MTT results confirmed that the BNG, ONG, and ATONG had little effect on cell viability due to the introduction of CS, CMC, and PVA as biocompatible compounds. The antimicrobial effects of BNG, ONG, and ATONG were proofs on available literature confirming these effects of components for NGs preparation. The in vitro wound healing evaluation showed the potential of the NGs in stimulating proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. Using human gingival fibroblast, as a monolayer, aqueous extract of N. sativa induced cell proliferation with the accelerated wound closure activity. It also increased the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and TGF-β [56]. It shown that FGF2 (bFGF) is highly expressed and promoted the cell migration of fibroblasts in wound healing process of skin tissue [57]. By treating the fibroblasts in wound situation with atorvastatin or ATONG, we observed a significant increase in FGF2 expression, compared to the untreated cells. In a study, FGF treatment of mouse NIH3T3 foreskin fibroblasts promoted cell proliferation and migration in wound healing, and also enhanced the activity of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which is a key regulator in fibroblasts migration [58]. VEGF and TGF-β1 increased the growth and proliferation of fibroblasts in vitro, respectively [57]. The expression of both VEGF and TGF-β1 have significantly increased under the treatment with ATONG. Also, rabbit ear skin confirmed the transdermal permeation capability of the NG.
Insulin and IGF-2 support rat corneal endothelial cell growth and wound repair in the organ cultured tissue
Published in Growth Factors, 2020
Sheldon R. Gordon, Darryl R. Reaume, Thomas R. Perkins
Because of the importance of the endothelium for corneal transparency and the need to promote a more efficient and effective wound repair process, many laboratories undertook studies to investigate the role of specific growth factors for enhancing the restoration of the tissue following an injury. Two growth factors that attracted considerable attention were basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Studies employing either of these two agents have shown that both are capable of stimulating an endothelial wound response in vitro and in vivo (Gu and Kay 1998; Joyce et al. 1995; Raphael et al. 1993; Rich, Hatfield, and Louiselle 1991; Hyldahl, Schofield, and Engström 1990; Gospodarowicz and Greenburg 1979; Gospodarowicz, Mescher, and Birdwell 1977) as well as increasing endothelial cell density within the wound region (Hoppenreijs et al. 1992, 1994; Landshman et al. 1987).