China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Role of Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Diagnosis and Management of Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Published in P. Mereena Luke, K. R. Dhanya, Didier Rouxel, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas, Advanced Studies in Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2021
Kannan Vaidyanathan, Sandhya Gopalakrishnan
Metabolomics is more important in the diagnosis of IEM compared to other branches of clinical medicine, since a large number of small metabolites are excreted in IEM [89]. Urinary metabolomics is a useful tool for various disorders neonatal and infancy including IEM [90]. Selicharová et al. usedproteomicsand metabolomics analyses of human hepatocytes in primary cell culture. This technique helped to search the spectrum of proteins and associated metabolites which are affected by the interruption of methyl groupmetabolism. They studied the effect of hyperhomocysteinemia at two concentrations, 0.1 mM and 2.0 mM, and used the inhibitor, BHMT, Betaine Homocysteine N Methyltransferase. The higher concentration produced up-regulation of phosphatidylethanolamine carboxykinase and ornithine aminotransferase, cellular proliferation was affected, secretome composition was altered and signs of apoptosis were seen. In addition, fibrinogen gamma dimers were detected and defective maturation of apolipoprotein A1 was seen [91].
Precision medicine in coronary artery disease
Published in Debmalya Barh, Precision Medicine in Cancers and Non-Communicable Diseases, 2018
Melvin George, Luxitaa Goenka, Sandhiya Selvarajan
A study was conducted to evaluate the modifications in the plasma protein map during unstable angina (UA) and AMI using proteomics. The protein plasma levels were quantified among patients with AMI (n = 11) and UA (n = 9). The control group was comprised of age-matched volunteers. The proteins that were analyzed included alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), apolipoprotein A-I, fibrinogen gamma chain, immunoglobulin gamma heavy chain, and albumin. The main finding of this study was that different AAT isoforms change in plasma during an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Seven different AAT isoforms were seen in the plasma of control samples. However, the AAT isoform 1 was absent in the ACS samples. In the study, there was also a significant reduction of isoforms 5, 6, and 7 in the AMI samples when compared with UA samples. The fibrinogen gamma chain 1 and 2 were increased in AMI patients compared to UA patients. Five apolipoprotein A-I isoforms were also identified, but these were reduced in plasma from AMI patients with respect to UA patients. The γ-immunoglobulin heavy chains were identified and were found to be increased in the plasma among ACS patients. Thus, the proteomic analysis will help in the mapping of the protein isoforms that are expressed in plasma during an ACS (Mateos-Cáceres et al., 2004).
Alcohol
Published in Nathalie Bergeron, Patty W. Siri-Tarino, George A. Bray, Ronald M. Krauss, Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, 2017
Charlotte Holst, Janne Schurmann Tolstrup, Nathalie Bergeron, Patty W. Siri-Tarino, George A. Bray, Ronald M. Krauss
The protective effects of a low to moderate alcohol intake on cardiovascular disease are partly thought to be attributable to an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. HDL acquires cholesterol from peripheral tissue and facilitates its transport to the liver for removal in the bile. HDL cholesterol is secreted as small particles by the liver and the gut and changes composition in the circulation by exchanging lipids with other lipoproteins or by absorption of cholesterol from peripheral cells. HDL particles include multiple apolipoproteins, primarily apolipoprotein A1 (Hannuksela et al. 2002).
Temporal pathway analysis of cerebrospinal fluid proteome in herpes simplex encephalitis
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2023
Anja Nääs, Peng Li, Clas Ahlm, Elisabeth Aurelius, Josef D. Järhult, Silvia Schliamser, Marie Studahl, Wenzhong Xiao, Jonas Bergquist, Gabriel Westman
When comparing the individual proteins between NMDAR seropositive and seronegative patients, six proteins show lower levels in the seropositive group at various time points. Out of these six (procathepsin H, heparin cofactor 2, complement factor I, protein AMBP apolipoprotein A1 and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor) we find apolipoprotein A1 to be of most interest in this biological context. Apolipoprotein A1 is the main component of the high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and aside from its well-known role in cholesterol metabolism it takes part in the immune response as well, having an anti-inflammatory effect [38]. There seems to be a link between apolipoprotein A1 levels and neurodegenerative disease, where a low level of serum apolipoprotein A1 correlates with a higher risk of dementia [39] and the severity of Alzheimer’s disease [40,41]. A study by Liu et al. showed lower levels of serum apolipoprotein A1 in NMDAR encephalitis patients compared to healthy controls [42]. However, it should be noted that apolipoprotein A1 levels in serum compared to CSF does not always correlate, since it can be transported through transcytosis [43]. Our finding of lower levels in the anti-NMDAR seropositive group is in line with the hypothesis that apolipoprotein A1 has a neuroprotective effect; hence it should probably be interpreted as a potentially protective factor against the development of anti-NMDAR antibodies. No other single protein levels were significantly correlated to the level of brain MRI injury, corticosteroid treatment or neurocognitive status.
BET inhibitors: an updated patent review (2018–2021)
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2022
Huanhuan Chen, Zhenling Liu, Lili Zheng, Rongrong Wang, Lei Shi
Moreover, BET transcription complexes function similarly to SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes, capable of co-activating one set of genes while co-repressing a different set of genes, thus exerting opposing effects in cell cycle control [88]. For example, BRD2 is highly expressed in pancreatic β-cells and inhibits β-cell mitosis and insulin transcription. In 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes, BRD2 normally co-represses peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and inhibits adipogenesis. Depletion of BRD2 causes lifelong severe obesity in mice with pancreatic islet expansion, hyperinsulinaemia, hepatosteatosis, and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines [89]. Thus, pro-adipogenic transcription programs should be assessed for BET inhibitor evaluation. Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) upregulation is associated with protection from atherosclerosis progression and with anti-inflammatory effects. Nicodeme et al. identified a new class of ApoA1 upregulators [90]. These compounds bind to the acetyl lysine recognition pocket and directly antagonize the interaction between the BET proteins (BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4) and acetylated histone peptides. Therefore, the impact of ApoA1 may also be considered in the development of BET inhibitors.
Consumption of Spinacia Oleracea (spinach) and aerobic exercise controls obesity in rats by an inhibitory action on pancreatic lipase
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2020
Vandana Panda, Priyanka Shinde, Payal Dande
Consumption of HFD in rats showed an elevation in the serum levels of TG, TC, VLDL and LDL and a reduction in HDL levels. The elevation in the level of TG may be due to its increased absorption following exogenous consumption of a diet rich in fat or through endogenous production of TG-enriched hepatic VLDL and decreased uptake of TG in peripheral tissues. Increase in the levels of TC, VLDL and LDL may be attributed to increased dietary cholesterol absorption from the small intestine following the intake of HFD (Zhukova et al.2014). The increased production of FFA and VLDL is regarded as the initiator of HDL reduction (Rashid et al.2002). Increased plasma clearance of apolipoprotein A-I and downregulation of its production is also known to reduce HDL levels (Mooradian et al.2004). These factors may be responsible for low HDL levels found in the HFD group rats.