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Cosmetic-Medical Treatments
Published in Paloma Tejero, Hernán Pinto, Aesthetic Treatments for the Oncology Patient, 2020
M. Lourdes Mourelle, B. N. Díaz
Regarding the prevention of radiotherapy injuries, in a review by Hall et al., several plants and botanical assets are cited as emergent radioprotectants, including curcumin (curcuma longa), as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative; quininic acid (coffee, cocoa) as an antioxidant, decreasing DNA damage; lycopene (Lycopersicon esculentum), as antioxidant, peroxidation inhibitor, and free radical scavenger; rutin (a bioflavonoid from different plants and extracts as Ruscus aculeatus or Prunus avium) as an antioxidant; hemocyanin (Rapana thomasiana) as a radiomitigator; black tea extract (Camellia sinensis) as a free radical scavenger; silymarin (Silybum marianum) as an antiapoptotic agent, reducing DNA damage. This author also considers other emerging therapies as genistein (an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory), manganese superoxide dismutase-plasmid liposome (MnSOD-PL) gene therapy (an antioxidant, decreasing free radical production and inflammatory cytokine release), and caffeine (an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory) and tetrahydrobiopterin, an enzymatic cofactor involved in neurotransmitters and nitric oxide synthesis (for modulation of free radical-induced damage), among others [54]. Glutamine, a nonessential amino acid, widely studied for its potential beneficial effects in a number of pathologies associated with radiation toxicity including mucositis, dermatitis, and esophagitis, is cited in this same review.
Neuroprotection and Repair after Spinal Cord Injury
Published in Jacques Corcos, Gilles Karsenty, Thomas Kessler, David Ginsberg, Essentials of the Adult Neurogenic Bladder, 2020
Early neuronal apoptosis in SCI is followed by a delayed wave of predominantly oligodendroglial programmed cell death in degenerating white matter tracts.19–28 These observations point to a longer therapeutic window for antiapoptotic strategies in SCI than that of therapies aimed at other secondary mechanisms.19 Glial apoptosis occurs, at least in part, as a consequence of axonal degeneration29–31 and activation of programmed cell death,32,33 including activation of cell death programs in the oligodendrocyte.28,34
In Silico approach of soursop leaf for prediction of anticancer molecular target therapy
Published in Ade Gafar Abdullah, Isma Widiaty, Cep Ubad Abdullah, Medical Technology and Environmental Health, 2020
M.K. Dewi, Y. Kharisma, L. Yuniarti
Antiapoptotic proteins include as Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bcl-W, Mcl-1, and Bfl-1/A1. If the signal originating from the activated receptor is not strong enough, help is needed via mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathways (Bcl-2 family member Bid). The bid will be broken down into truncated form (tBid) and then act with the Bcl-2 family member proapoptosis Bax and Bak in the mitochondria to induce cytochrome c into the cytosol. In the cytochrome c cytosol it binds to apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (Apaf-1) to form apoptosome, which is a wheel-like complex that activates procapase 9; Caspase 9 initiates activation of the exclusionary caspase (Green, 2006).
Long non-coding RNA Neat1 triggers renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis via activating BH3-only protein in membranous nephropathy
Published in Autoimmunity, 2021
Pei Pi, Qingqiao Yin, Ling Xiao, Dan Luo
Apoptosis is a caspase-dependent modality of regulated cell death, and it plays an essential role in removing damaged, dysfunctional, or no longer necessary cells [13]. Besides, it maintains normal physiological and tissue functions of organisms and plays a crucial role in proper development [14], homeostasis [15], and the occurrence and development of cancer [16–18]. The apoptosis pathway mainly includes the endogenous apoptosis pathway, exogenous apoptosis pathway, and common apoptosis pathway. The activation of executor Caspase-3 is the common characteristic of endogenous and exogenous apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family proteins are the key to regulating and executing endogenous apoptosis, and is usually divided into antiapoptotic proteins that inhibit apoptosis, which are comprised of Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, myeloid cell leukaemia sequence 1 (MCL1), BFL1, and Bcl-W. They can promote the apoptosis of antagonism protein play a role of antiapoptotic. Bcl-2 family proteins that promote apoptosis are comprised of four BH homologous domains (such as Bax and Bak) and BH3-only (the Bcl-2 homology 3-only) proteins containing only one BH3 domain (such as Bad, Bim, Bid, Noxa, etc.) [19]. As reported, BH3-only proteins trigger apoptosis by combining with anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, etc.) [20].
Anticarcinogenic potential of gold nanoparticles synthesized from Trichosanthes kirilowii in colon cancer cells through the induction of apoptotic pathway
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Xiaodong Han, Xiaojia Jiang, Lanjie Guo, Yongxin Wang, Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan, Surapaneni Krishna Mohan, Zhigang Wang, Dandan Cao
We have demonstrated an environment friendly and high cost-efficient protocols for synthesizing T. kirilowii-mediated AuNPs. Our finding data revealed that AuNPs induce noteworthy cytotoxicity in HCT-116 cells based on a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, gene expression analysis exhibited that proteins expression levels involved in the apoptosis were altered by AuNPs exposure. Generally, our data suggest that AuNPs might induce apoptosis in HCT-116 cells through bid, bax/bcl-2 and casapase pathways. Our in vitro data illustrated the apoptosis induction obviously by AuNPs which demands further research investigation to find out if in vivo exposure cost could endure for AuNPs application. The application of AuNPs may lead to an invention of possible antiapoptotic agent in cancer therapy.
Isochamanetin is a Selective Inhibitor for CyclinD1 in SKOV3 Cell Lines
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2019
Y. Swarnalatha, V. G. Vidhya, Annapoorni Murugan
Apoptosis control depends on the balance between pro- and antiapoptotic gene expressions within the cells. In patients with ovarian cancer, often there is overexpression of anti-apoptotic genes such as Bcl-2, thereby switching toward survival and proliferation, which helps them to protect from chemotherapeutic agents. The downregulation of Bcl-2 is necessary to induce significant cell apoptosis. Overexpression of caspase-8 and -9 is an important event in the induction and completion of apoptosis after various stimuli (6). Therefore, there is a great progress in identifying the novel and effective therapeutic compounds by diverting tumor cells from proliferation phenotype toward a nondivision state. So an attempt has been made to show the therapeutic potential of natural anticancer agents using docking study and identified a potent drug target (cyclinD1).