China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Chemopreventive Agents
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
Angiogenesis is the process underlying the formation and development of new blood vessels vital for the growth and development of new cells, as in wound healing. However, it also plays an important role in tumor growth, development, and metastasis, as it facilitates the transport of oxygen and nutrients to a growing tumor and the removal of waste products through the formation of a supporting vascular network. Angiogenesis is controlled by growth factors such as VEGF, TGF-α, TGF-β, TNF-α, angiogenin, IL-8, and the angiopoietins. One of the primary regulators of tumor angiogenesis is the pro-angiogenic factor VEGF, a potent endothelial cell-specific mitogen which stimulates endothelial cell growth originating in arteries, veins, and lymph drainage vessels (Figure 12.5).
Inflammation and Cytokines in Airway Wall Remodelling
Published in Alastair G. Stewart, AIRWAY WALL REMODELLING in ASTHMA, 2020
TNFα is capable of inducing tissue remodelling, including angiogenesis and fibrogenesis. In models of angiogenesis it is at least as potent as fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, TGFα, or angiogenin, both in vitro and in vivo.195 TNFα may directly stimulate fibroblasts196 and indirectly stimulate fibrogenesis through the elaboration of PDGF and TGFβ.179
Angiogenesis
Published in John H. Barker, Gary L. Anderson, Michael D. Menger, Clinically Applied Microcirculation Research, 2019
Angiogenin (polypeptide, 14,1 kDa, 22–24 AA) is a potent stimulator of angiogenesis, but has neither a mitogenic effect nor does it stimulate migration of endothelial cells. Angiogenin might stimulate other endothelial cell functions that are important in the development of new blood vessels or perhaps may act as an indirect factor. It is related to pancreatic RNAse and its ribonucleolytic activity appears to be important for its angiogenic activity since RNAse inhibitor also inhibits this activity.35 Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a homodimer with 112 amino acids per chain (25 kDa), it is synthesized and secreted in most tissues as a latent biologically inactive complex that can be activated by heat, acidification, and proteases.36 TGF-β plays an important role in tissue regeneration of different organs (bone, eye, liver, heart, skin, etc.), embryogenesis, and acts on specific cell types (lymphocytes, macrophages, synovial cells, and epidermis cells).37 TGF-β is not an endothelial cell mitogen, it blocks endothelial proliferation and motility in vitro, but stimulates angiogenesis in vivo.38,39 Its in vivo activity might be due to a differentiating effect that TGF-β has on endothelial cells to induce extracellular matrix synthesis. This factor is extremely chemotactic for monocytes that could infiltrate and produce mitogenic factors.40
The effects of microRNA-126 reduced inflammation and apoptosis of diabetic nephropathy through PI3K/AKT signalling pathway by VEGF
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022
Zhe Lou, Qiaobei Li, Chunyan Wang, Yinyan Li
VEGF can directly promote angiogenesis. Meanwhile, it can be involved in angiogenesis through paracrine of multiple angiogenic factors, such as VEGF, basic fibroblast growth factor, angiogenin-2 and angiogeni-1 (Drela et al. 2014). Research finds that Tongxinluo capsule can improve the microenvironment in myocardial infarction area, enhance post-transplantation survival of stem cells and increase angiogenesis (Kandhare et al. 2014). Besides, it can also construct collateral circulation, and add to the blood perfusion for the ischaemic lower limb in DN patients (Amoli et al. 2011). In the present study, the down-regulation of miRNA-126 suppressed VEGF, PI3K and p-AKT protein expression of diabetic nephropathy vitro. Sasahira et al. suggest that the downregulation of miR-126 induces angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis by activation of VEGF-A in oral cancer (Sasahira et al.2012).
Is Keratoconus an Inflammatory Disease? The Implication of Inflammatory Pathways
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2022
Despite the lack of physical evidence of angiogenesis in our keratoconus tissue group, the angiogenic cytokines are seemingly upregulated. Though the role of TNF-α in angiogenesis is controversial,74,75 other angiogenic cytokines such as I-309, angiogenin, and MIP are highly activated. I-309 can activate endothelial cell functions,76 and it is a product of activated T-lymphocytes, mast cells, and monocytes and is antiapotoic.77,78 Angiogenin can promote endothelial cells invasion and neovascularization via regulating the immune response in corneal fibroblasts.79,80 MIF, apart from its proinflammatory role in T cell activation,81 it also has a tumor-associated angiogenic role.82,83 MIF expression was found upregulated in the stromal infiltrating cells of neovascularized corneas,84 indicating a possible angiogenic role in inflammatory corneal neovascularization.
Chlorin e6-loaded sonosensitive magnetic nanoliposomes conjugated with the magnetic field for enhancing anti-tumor effect of sonodynamic therapy
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2020
Hai-mei Zhu, Yi He, Su-su Huang, Jin-jie Tian, Li-sheng Wang, Jian-dong Hao, Bo Xie, Jia-jun Ling
The expression levels of ANG and VEGF correlate with angiogenesis, which is a necessary condition for the growth, infiltration and metastasis of solid tumor. ANG is a multifunctional proangiogenic secreted protein. The up-regulation of angiogenin-1 and angiogenin-2 may affect the proliferation and apoptosis of endothelial cells, or promote the growth and angiogenesis of tumor cells through paracrine and autocrine (Bottero et al. 2013; Liu et al. 2018). VEGF, secreted in tumor cells and vascular endothelial cells, is the main stimulant factor of angiogenesis and the critical proangiogenic growth factor (Liu et al. 2015; Roiz et al. 2016; Sui H et al. 2017). Furthermore, as the factor of a superintendence of the malignant tumor cells, the expression level of TNF-α is significant in evaluating the severity of cancer (Suganuma et al. 2006). Therefore, the expression levels of ANG, VEGF and TNF-α of the tumor tissue were determined to indicate the cancer prevention effect and possible mechanisms of Ce6/SML-MSDT. A lower level of ANG, VEGF and TNF-α expressions indicates a better tumor inhibition. Thus, the effect of activation on Ce6 by ultrasound was further verified in vivo and the results also suggested that Ce6/SML-MSDT group possessed the significant tumor targeting ability and anti-tumor effect. The result of VEGF expression in A549 tumor tissue after Ce6 administration was corresponding with the reported study (Wang et al. 2015; Hao et al. 2017), while the determined ANG expression of that has not been found in any other publications.