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Miscellaneous Causes Of Unexplained Fever
Published in Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke, Unexplained Fever, 2019
There is no accurate diagnostic aid except the anticoagulant regimen proposed about 20 years ago,57 which can be used in all cases of vascular thrombosis except those of cerebral thrombosis; this excellent test is proned by many authorities in the field of fever of unknown origin.43,45,46,50,51 It relies on the prescription of heparin (7500 to 10,000 U i.v. q-6 h) which typically leads to apyrexia in 48 h; provided that there is no contraindication and that clotting time is monitored. Some authors prone the concomitant administration of antibiotics, particularly those active against anaerobic bacteria.51 This test, though very valuable, is not positive (i.e., apyrexia is not obtained in 48 h) in all cases of genuine vascular thrombosis.46,48
Bacteroides
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
In humans, anaerobic bacteria are prevalent in the oral cavity and in gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts. Bacteroides spp. are gram-negative rods that play a symbiotic role in the host-microbiota relationship in humans and animals. These microorganisms can be found in sites of the body other than the gastrointestinal ecosystem, and they produce abscesses.
Surgical infection
Published in Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie, Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 2018
Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie
This condition is not caused by clostridia. A mixed pattern of organisms is responsible: coliforms, staphylococci, Bacteroides spp., anaerobic streptococci and peptostreptococci have all been implicated, acting in synergy. Often, aerobic bacteria destroy the living tissue, allowing anaerobic bacteria to thrive. Abdominal wall infections are known as Meleney's synergistic gangrene and scrotal infections as Fournier's gangrene (Figure5.12). Patients are almost always immunocompromised, with conditions such as diabetes mellitus. The wound initiating the infection may have been minor, but severely contaminated wounds are more likely to be the cause. Severe wound pain, signs of spreading inflammation with crepitus and smell are all signs of the infection spreading. Untreated, it will lead to widespread local gangrene and systemic multisystem organ failure. The subdermal spread of gangrene is always much more extensive than appears from initial examination. Broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy must be combined with aggressive circulatory support. Locally, there should be wide excision of necrotic tissue and laying open of affected areas. The debridement may need to be extensive, and patients who survive may need large areas of skin grafting.
Potential colonization of provox voice prosthesis by Candida spp. with no sign of failure for approximately 10 years exploitation time
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica Case Reports, 2021
Jakub Spałek, Piotr Deptuła, Bonita Durnaś, Grzegorz Król, Szczepan Kaliniak, Robert Bucki, Sławomir Okła
The source of microorganisms forming biofilm on the voice prosthesis is the patient's oropharyngeal mucosa. In the case described above, the prosthesis biofilm consists of two species of Candida and additionally Streptococcus spp. and Gram-negative aerobic rods – Citrobacter braakii which are respectively, a natural and colonizing oropharyngeal microbiota. Some researchers have shown a relationship between species composition and the quantity and quality of biofilm formed on the surface of a voice prosthesis made of medical silicone. Lactobacillus casei was demonstrated as a factor reducing the percentage hyphal formation in Candida biofilms and having favorable effects on the lifespan of voice prostheses. The relationship with short clinical lifespan of voice prostheses was observed when Candida grown in combination with Rothia dentocariosa [15]. None of these microorganisms has been identified in our patient. On the other hand, some publications show that there is no direct relationship to anaerobic bacteria [16]. The question of whether microbial composition and their diversity has an impact on the prosthesis lifespan remains open and requires further studies.
A Lemierre-like syndrome caused by Staphylococcus aureus: an emerging disease
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2020
Frederik Van Hoecke, Bart Lamont, Ann Van Leemput, Steven Vervaeke
By far, F. necrophorum has been reported as the most common causative agent of Lemierre’s syndrome in up to 81.7% of reported cases [27]. Other Fusobacterium species such as F. nucleatum and F. naviforme have also been involved [29,30]. Less common but still reported as causative organism in multiple cases are strictly anaerobic bacteria like Bacteroides species, Peptostreptococcus species, Prevotella species and Eubacterium species. Other frequently reported organisms are Lancefield group B and group C streptococci, Streptococcus oralis, Enterococcus species, Eikenella corrodens, Lactobacillus species, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Gemella morbillorum and Candida species. Only recently S. aureus has been added to the list [4,27,29,30,38]. Obviously, a substantial part of cases involving species other than F. necrophorum, do not meet the classic definition of Lemierre’s syndrome. These aberrant cases might fit the Lemierre-like syndrome definition or might not be related to Lemierre’s syndrome at all.
Dental aerosols: microbial composition and spatial distribution
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2020
C. Zemouri, C.M.C. Volgenant, M.J. Buijs, W. Crielaard, N.A.M. Rosema, B.W. Brandt, A.M.G.A. Laheij, J.J. De Soet
A large proportion of the air samples, from our study, that were taken before treatment, after treatment and during treatment at the control location did not meet the criteria for clean air (guidelines for clean air: SS EN ISO 14,698–1:2003). Only the university clinic met these criteria (<2 CFU/plate in 30 minute exposure time). Increased microbial air contamination was particularly found during treatment at the patient’s chest. This zone also contained the highest number of taxa, mainly from human origin. Close to the treatment site, aerobic bacteria were present in equal amounts to anaerobic bacteria. Locations further away from the patient contained significantly more aerobic bacteria than anaerobic bacteria, suggesting their origin is less likely to come from the dental treatment. The results of our study indicate that contamination of the aerosols from both human and water origin during treatment mostly settle in the close proximity of the head of the patient. This is in line with a previous study [25], although other studies reported no difference in microbial counts near the patient’s head and at further distance from the treatment zone [11,26].