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Prostate Cancer
Published in Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple, Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
Karl H. Pang, James W.F. Catto
PCa stains include:Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)PSA phosphatase (PAP)High molecular weight cytokeratins − negative stain (stains prostatic basal cells, positive cytokeratin = rule out adenocarcinoma)p63 (nuclear − negative stain)Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase/P504S (mitochondrial enzyme, AMACR)Homeobox-containing transcription factor (NKX3.1)Prostate-specific membrane antigen (membrane glycoprotein, PSMA)PSA/PAP expression can be decreased after androgen deprivation therapy.AMACR and NKX immunostains are useful in these cases.
Prostate Cancer
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Malcolm Mason, Howard Kynaston
Immunohistochemical stains used to identify prostate cancers include PSA, cytokeratins, and more recently, alpha-methylacyl-CoA-racemase (AMACR), which appears to be a particularly promising marker for distinguishing prostate cancer from benign prostatic disease.
Prostate cancer
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2014
Immunohistochemical stains used to identify prostate cancers include PSA, cytokeratins and, more recently, alpha-methylacyl-CoA-racemase (AMACR),52 which appears to be a particularly promising marker for distinguishing prostate cancer from benign prostatic disease.
Pathology and systemic therapy of non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma: an overview
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2021
Lothar Bergmann, Sarah Weber, Arndt Hartmann, Marit Ahrens
Papillary and ChRCCs are the most frequent nccRCC types and have been well described in several reviews. Papillary RCC is characterized by a papillary architecture with a fibrous vascular axis supporting the papillae, or by a tubular or solid growth pattern. Foamy histiocytes and psammoma bodies are frequently found. Immunohistochemically, the tumor shows typically diffuse strong labeling for alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) and frequently, substantial positivity for CK7. While historically, tumors have been categorized as type 1 or type 2, interobserver reproducibility is suboptimal [27]. Furthermore, the previous type 2 category is genetically heterogenous and can include a subset representing other diagnostic entities [28]. Recent studies could not confirm the clinical significance of the subtyping in comparison to histological grade and tumor architecture [29,30].
Metastatic adult Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma with TFE3 gene fusion in complete remission
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2021
Dharmini Manogna, Divya Tenneti, Zachary Kramer
Relevant laboratory studies are summarized in Table 1. Urinalysis was normal. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a 7.1 cm cystic mass at the upper pole of the right kidney with high attenuation and enhancing internal septation, consistent with cystic RCC. A right nephrectomy was performed. Morphology consisted of epithelial cells with clear cytoplasm and a papillary and cystic growth pattern (Figure 1). The nuclear grade was high (grade 3). By immunohistochemistry, alpha-methylacyl CoA racemase (AMACR) was positive. There was moderate to strong nuclear expression of transcription factor E3 (TFE3) (Figure 2). Carbonic anhydrase IX appeared positive around necrotic areas. The immunoprofile and morphology were consistent with XtRCC. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging indicated osseous metastases in the thoracolumbar vertebral bodies, iliac wings, and ribs, which were confirmed by positron emission tomography (PET). The patient was started on axitinib and pembrolizumab. Follow-up PET demonstrated complete metabolic remission of previously noted metastases. He has remained in remission 12 months on maintenance axitinib.
Noninvasive biomarkers to guide intervention: toward personalized patient management in prostate cancer
Published in Expert Review of Precision Medicine and Drug Development, 2020
Maria Frantzi, Enrique Gomez-Gomez, Harald Mischak
With the aim of identifying novel serum biomarkers for PCa detection, Wang et al. initially integrated datasets from the Oncomine database and shortlisted the top 5 upregulated and the top 5 downregulated mRNAs to be further verified in serum samples from 50 PCa patients and 30 healthy individuals. Among the ten selected mRNAs, alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR), Homeobox protein DLX-1 (DLX1), PCA3, Dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1), and GSTP1 were detectable in serum samples. Subsequently, PCA3 and DLX1 showed higher expression in PCa patients when compared to healthy individuals, while DUOX1 and GSTP1 showed lower expression in PCa patients. Diagnostic potential of PCA3, DLX1, DUOX1 and GSTP1 was additionally demonstrated with AUC values of 0.76, 0.82, 0.71 0.64, respectively [92]. Yet since the results refer to PCa patients in comparison to healthy individuals, appropriate disease matched controls need to be applied to demonstrate added value [92].