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Ovum Pick-Up (OPU) in Cattle: An Update
Published in Juan Carlos Gardón, Katy Satué, Biotechnologies Applied to Animal Reproduction, 2020
AMH is a dimeric glycoprotein of the inhibitory transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b) superfamily that is expressed only in the gonads. In females, granulosa cells from growing secondary follicles produce AMH during follicle recruitment. It acts as an inhibiting growth factor on the pool of resting follicles. As shown in mice, humans, and cattle, the concentration of AMH in plasma reflects the total number of oocytes in the ovary and the number of follicles, which are involved in preantral and antral follicular activity (reviewed by Vernunft et al., 2015). Therefore, the strong association between the follicle population and the AMH concentration could provide a consistent method for predicting the AFP.
Helping a woman afflicted with endometriosis to conceive
Published in Seema Chopra, Endometriosis, 2020
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a dimeric glycoprotein, which is a member of the transforming growth factor family, exclusively secreted by granulosa cells of primary, preantral, and small antral follicles (4–6 mm) [4], making it an ideal marker of the ovarian reserve. Its values decrease with age. Bentzen and co-workers reported an AMH level decline of 5.6% per year with increasing age [35]. Therefore, four confounders, including age (<40), cyst diameter (>5 cm), baseline serum AMH (≥3.1 ng/mL), and cyst laterality were taken into account for comparison with pre- and postoperative outcome of at least 3-month follow-up after surgery. The initial analysis revealed a marked decline of 1.14 ng/mL, about 38% from baseline, which was sustained for up to 6 months. Therefore, there is a significant 38% decline in AMH after surgery which can have a negative impact on fertility [36].
The Use of Ovarian Markers
Published in Botros Rizk, Yakoub Khalaf, Controversies in Assisted Reproduction, 2020
Neena Malhotra, Siladitya Bhattacharya
Considering a wide inter-/intra-assay difference, fertility clinics are relying on age-specific AMH as provided by several studies in prognosticating and decisions in regard to treatment (49–51). These reference values are age appropriate and not referenced to a general population of women independent of age. As a general rule, the lower limits of age-appropriate serum AMH values in 5-year age intervals are given approximately as follows: 0.5 ng/mL for 45 years, 1 ng/mL for 40 years, 1.5 ng/mL for 35 years, 2.5 ng/mL for 30 years, and 3.0 ng/mL for 25 years. These are conservative estimates, as the most widely used AMH assay, Gen II, reports about 30%–40% higher mean values compared to these guidelines (52).
Does Maternal Vitamin D Level Affect the Ovarian Reserve of Female Newborn Infants?
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2022
Ebru Sahin Gulec, Esra Bahar Gur, Secil Kurtulmus, Banu Isbilen Basok, Duygu Cebecik Ozmus, Veli Iyilikci, Ahmet Demir
Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) is a gonadal-specific glycoprotein belonging to the TGF-β family, produced by granulosa cells of primordial follicles in women. It is a strong indicator of ovarian reserve in adult women [6]. Although the effect of AMH on the ovaries in intrauterine life is not yet fully known, animal studies have shown that AMH affects follicular dynamics and ovarian aging. The ovaries of AMH null female mice and females heterozygous for the AMH null mutation show premature depletion of their primordial follicles [7]. AMH influences the development of preantral follicles during matrix-free culture [8]. In several studies conducted in recent years, it has been assumed that there is a positive relationship between vitamin D and AMH levels in adult women, and it has even been suggested that vitamin D may determine the reproductive potential by affecting AMH synthesis [9–11]. A recent study supporting this hypothesis demonstrated that high-dose vitamin D supplementation increases AMH levels [12].
Do techniques of surgical management of ovarian endometrioma affect ovarian reserve? A narrative review
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Konstantinos Samartzis, Nikolaos Kathopoulis, Dimitris Loutradis, Athanasios Protopapas
AMH plays a pivotal role in ovarian physiology being expressed by the granulosa cells of active growing follicles from initial recruitment to cyclic selection and negatively regulates the primordial follicle recruitment (Oh et al. 2019). AMH level represents a reliable and useful marker of ovarian reserve as supported by its steady decline with increasing age and its undetectable concentration in perimenopause (Seifer et al. 2011). General consensus is that women with endometrioma have decreased serum AMH levels as compared with healthy controls and experience a progressive decline in serum AMH levels faster than that in healthy women (Kasapoglu et al. 2018). Endometrioma can affect ovarian reserve mechanically, by compression of surrounding ovarian cortex from the cyst, hampering vascular circulation and thus leading to follicle loss (Kasapoglu et al. 2018). Additionally, endometriosis-associated inflammatory reaction and increased tissue oxidative stress lead to fibrosis, followed by follicular damage and intraovarian vascular injury (RCOG 2018). Hence, it is reasonable that serum AMH level is significantly lower in patients with bilateral endometrioma compared to that of patients with unilateral endometrioma (Nieweglowska et al. 2015).
Application of ultrasound markers measured at different time points of COH cycle in the prediction of ovarian response for individualised ovulation induction
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Yue-Wei Li, Xiao-Wen Liang, Jing-Hui Fang, Zhi-Yi Chen
The ovarian response is the response to the stimulations of COH hormones. Exogenous stimulation can directly affect the results of IVF-ET. Ovarian responses of exogenous hormone stimulation can be divided into three types, namely high response (ovary overacts), normal response, and the low response (ovary has poor response). The high response obtains more eggs and embryos, but the overacting performance may cause Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), which likely leads to a termination of treatment (Cela et al. 2018). However, the definitive diagnosis of high or low ovarian response based on the level of oestrogen and the number of retrieved oocytes always cannot be made until the day of retrieval. What’s more, although Anti Mullerian Hormone (AMH) is known as a comparatively accurate parameter of ovarian reserve and ovarian response, it still cannot represent the quality of oocytes or predict the decrease of ovarian function. A low AMH level doesn’t exactly mean low ovarian response or infertility (Wu et al. 2020). Therefore, we intended to find new parameters, which can be helpful for predicting the ovarian response more accurately.