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Autofluorescence as a Parameter to Study Pharmaceutical Materials
Published in Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina, Fluorescence of Living Plant Cells for Phytomedicine Preparations, 2020
Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina
Chlorophyll is not too sensitive in comparison with anthocyanins—its maximum at 675–680 nm decreased only after 50–100 h (dose 0.1–0.2 µ/L) ozone action (Table 2.3). Unlike chlorophylls and anthocyanins, chlorogenic, ferulic, and caffeic acids, as well as coumaric acid dissolved in ethanol, may fluoresce in blue with maxima at 450–460 nm, and the emission intensity did not change during acute exposure (Table 2.3). Thus, strong yellow emission in the head of the secretory hair on the Saintpaulia petals after 50 h ozonation may be due to the above-mentioned phenolic acids and coumaric acid. The emission of the coumarin esculetin at 450 nm under higher doses of O3 decreased. 7-Alkoxy coumarins generally have a purple fluorescence, whereas 7-hydroxy and 5,7-dihydroxycoumarins tend to fluoresce in blue (Wolfbeis 1985). In the dry state, o-coumaric acid emits in blue with maxima at 440–450 nm and esculetin at 460 nm (Roshchina and Melnikova 2001; Roshchina 2008). This does not exclude the possibility that new phenols may also be formed under acute ozone doses.
Local Stress-Limiting Systems and their Cardioprotective Effects
Published in Felix Z. Meerson, Alexander V. Galkin, Adaptive Protection of The Heart: Protecting Against Stress and Ischemic Damage, 2019
Felix Z. Meerson, Alexander V. Galkin
In line with these data are the results of works99,100 showing that development of arrhythmias correlates with a decline in the PGI2 content and the PGI2/TXA2 ratio. When the platelet-activating factor (PAF), which is released from leukocytes in ischemia and stress and promotes production of leukotrienes and TXA2, was administered to guinea pigs, it substantially lowered the threshold of ouabain-induced arrhythmias and increased their lethality. This arrhythmogenic effect of PAF could be completely abolished with a selective thromboxane receptor antagonist BM 13.177 and less efficiently with the lipoxygenase inhibitor esculetin.100 At the same time aspirin, which inhibits a key enzyme of PG and thromboxane synthesis, cyclooxygenase, did not have much influence on the PAF effect, but still showed a tendency to raising the threshold of arrhythmias, probably by attenuating the TXA2 synthesis. Thus, in arrhythmogenic situations the PG/thromboxane ratio comes to be of great importance.
Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Seeds are said to contain 3% water, 3% ash, 11% crude protein, 5% oil, and 74% carbohydrates. A kilogram of horse chestnut meal is said to have the equivalent of ca. 1.1 kg barley, 1.25 kg oats, 1.5 kg bran, and 3.4 kg good meadow hay2 for feeding animals like cows and sheep. Adenine, adenosine, aesculin, aesculetin, allantoin, argyrin, astragalin, carotin, choline, citric acid, epicatechin, fraxin, guanine, isoquercitrin, leucocyanidine, leucodelphinidin, phytosterol, resin, rutin, saponin, scopolin, scopoletin, tannin, and uric acid are also reported from the horse chestnut.2,33
In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation and anti-colitis activity of esculetin-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier decorated with DSPE-MPEG2000
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2023
Feng Shi, Wenxiong Yin, Michael Adu-Frimpong, Xiaoxiao Li, Xiaoli Xia, Weigang Sun, Hao Ji, Elmurat Toreniyazov, Wang Qilong, Xia Cao, Jiangnan Yu, Ximing Xu
Esculetin is one of the effective ingredients in the traditional Chinese medicine Qinpi, which is a dried branch bark of the Oleaceae plant. It is a relatively common traditional Chinese medicine and is mainly produced in Shanxi, Henan, Shandong and other places in China. Esculetin is a coumarin compound with a molecular formula of C9H6O4, a molecular weight of 178, and a chemical name of 6.7-dihydroxycoumarin, wherein it is a dark brown powder, slightly soluble in water but soluble in ethanol. Esculetin has a variety of physiological activities such as anti-cancer (Arora et al.2016), antibacterial (Zhang et al.2022), anti-oxidation (Fylaktakidou et al.2004, Rubio et al.2017), anti-inflammatory (Yum et al.2015), and other effects (Kadakol et al.2016, Hsia et al.2019, Lee et al.2020). Some studies have reported that esculetin had a significant effect on the treatment of ulcerative colitis (Yum et al.2015), and its mechanism is to suppress the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in-vivo to reduce inflammation (Kim et al.2014). Esculetin has a good anti-inflammatory effect, albeit being limited by its poor water solubility and bioavailability.
Oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of esculetin following intravenous and oral administration in rats
Published in Xenobiotica, 2021
Jae-Hwan Kwak, Younghwa Kim, Christine E. Staatz, In-hwan Baek
Esculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin) is the main active ingredient that is isolated from Artemisia montana (Nakai) Pamp. and Euphorbia lathyris L. (Kim et al.2000, Masamoto et al.2003). Artemisia montana (Nakai) Pamp. is a well-known Asian herbal medicine used to treat haemorrhoids, hepatotoxicity, hyperglycaemia, hypertension and fever (Kim et al.2000, Ahuja et al.2011). Euphorbia lathyris L., which is a common traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat amenorrhoea, constipation, hemodynamic dysfunctions, schistosomiasis, scabies and snake poison (Hou et al.2011, Lu et al.2014). Also, esculetin is a bioactive coumarin of Cortex Fraxini (dried bark of Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance, Fraxinus chinensis Roxb., Fraxinus chinensis var. acuminata Lingelsh. and Fraxinus fallax Lingelsh.) which has been used for the clinical treatment of arthritis, bacillary dysentery, gout and hyperuricaemia (Wu et al.2007, Wang et al.2016). Isolated esculetin is known to have anticancer, anti-obesity, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities (Huang et al.1993, Martín-Aragón et al.1998, Witaicenis et al.2010, Wang et al.2012, Anand et al.2013, Kim and Lee 2015).
α-Amylase and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitory effects of Melicope latifolia bark extracts and identification of bioactive constituents using in vitro and in silico approaches
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Alexandra Quek, Nur Kartinee Kassim, Pei Cee Lim, Dai Chuan Tan, Muhammad Alif Mohammad Latif, Amin Ismail, Khozirah Shaari, Khalijah Awang
Through the years, various phenolic compounds have been regarded as effective antioxidants and robust in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Esculetin, umbelliferone, bergapten, emodin, and kaempferol are examples of plant phenolics that were previously described to regulate hyperglycaemia (Lin et al. 2019). Despite the potential, studies on antidiabetic properties of M. latifolia have yet to be reported. Thus, in this work, α-amylase and DPP-4 inhibitory activities of different extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds from the bark of M. latifolia were evaluated using in vitro assays. In silico molecular docking was used to study the binding affinity and interactions between the active compounds and the enzymes. The antioxidant activity of the fractions and isolated constituents were also investigated. Herein, we describe for the first time how M. latifolia exhibits inhibitory actions against α-amylase and DPP-4. The isolation of halfordin (2), methyl p-coumarate (3), and protocatechuic acid (4) from M. latifolia and their DPP-4 inhibitory activities are also reported for the first time in this study.