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Anxiety
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Niacinamide: Anti-anxiety medications like Valium, Librium, and Xanax are well known and effective. More naturally, the effects of niacinamide closely resemble the actions of these benzodiazepines. Anti-anxiety doses for niacinamide range from 500 mg, twice a day, to 1,000 mg, three times a day.1
Sleep
Published in Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau, Beyond Menopause, 2023
Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau
Some women with insomnia are helped considerably with low-dose, tricyclic-related medications, such as trazodone or mirtazapine. While these medications are relatively safe and nonaddictive, dependency can build up. Other medications that are sedatives/hypnotics, such as zolpidem (Ambien), are preferred by some women because they help induce sleep and allow one to wake up feeling well rested without any hangover effect. Another class of drugs called benzodiazepines, such as lorazepam (Ativan) and alprazolam (Xanax), are commonly used but are best avoided on a nightly basis because of their addictive potential. The problem is that once you start taking a drug like Ambien, it’s hard to “give it up” because it works so well. But you may not realize there are many subtle side effects, such as increased risk of mild dementia and decreased cognition. Once you reach age 70, Ambien becomes less appealing because it increases the risk of falling and is also unlikely to be covered by insurance.
The Forensic Toxicological Aspects of Deaths Due to Drowning and Bodies Recovered from Fluid Environments
Published in Kevin L. Erskine, Erica J. Armstrong, Water-Related Death Investigation, 2021
The association between the use of psychiatric or psychotrophic medications alone or combined with alcohol and increased risk for accidental drowning has been studied, with results affirming the association and increased risk.20 Particularly problematic are medications that fall under the benzodiazepine category such as diazepam (Xanax®), which can cause impaired thinking and motor activity. Other medications like citalopram and amitriptyline, which are not known to cause psychomotor impairment, have been associated with arrhythmia, leading to incapacitation while in water and subsequent submersion with drowning and sudden cardiac death during submersion. Like alcohol, these medications have been linked with the prolongation of the QT interval on the electrocardiogram. This abnormality, whether medication-induced or as part of genetic predisposition (i.e. Long-QT Syndrome), is a known potential precursor for arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. While the association is not the same as causation and further studies are still needed, findings of certain psychiatric medications alone or in combination with alcohol may be useful in the reconstruction of death circumstances, providing some explanation for an accidental drowning in the absence of a more compelling reason.
Using a theoretical approach to predict college students’ non-medical use of prescription drugs – a survival analysis
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2021
Henry N. Young, Farah Pathan, Jaxk H. Reeves, Kristen N. Knight, FuNing Chen, Elizabeth D. Cox, Megan A. Moreno
Participants reported lifetime non-medical use of prescription drugs. Lifetime NMUPD was assessed with the following question: “Have you ever used a prescription drug that was not your prescription, or used your own prescription drug in a non-medical way?” If a participant responded “yes,” then the interviewer asked the respondent to list all drugs that were used prior to the data collection time point (open-ended response). A research assistant categorized reported prescription drugs into four categories: sleep medication (e.g., Ambien, Halcion, Restoril), sedative/anti-anxiety medication (e.g., Ativan, Xanax, Valium, Klonopin), stimulants (e.g., Adderall, Ritalin, Dexedrine, Concerta, Vyvanse), and pain medication (e.g., Vicodin, OxyContin, Tylenol 3 with Codeine, Lortab, Norco). A random 10% of the categorized prescription drugs were assessed for the accuracy of the placement into categories.
Formulation and characterization of alprazolam-loaded nanoliposomes: screening of process variables and optimizing characteristics using RSM
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2018
Seyed Hesamoddin Hashemi, Majid Montazer, Nasser Naghdi, Tayebeh Toliyat
Alprazolam is a highly potent short-acting drug. As the most often used member of the benzodiazepine drug family, it is recommended for treatment of moderate to severe anxiety disorders, such as social anxiety disorder and panic attacks [1]. The immediate-release alprazolam tablet is formulated and commercialized as an oral tablet under the brand name Xanax® with dose strengths of 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg. Xanax® XR is the brand name of the extended-release alprazolam tablet that is currently marketed as an oral tablet with dose strengths of 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mg [2]. Previous research investigated the preparation and characterization of an alprazolam extended-release oral tablet using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) as a retard agent [3,4]. As another form of alprazolam, oral solutions are also available in concentration of 0.5 mg/5 mL and 1 mg/1 mL. However, currently, extended release oral tablets are the only sustained release form of alprazolam.
Qualitative exploration of the experiences of men who use drugs of obtaining psychoactive medicinal products in Jordan
Published in Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 2022
Mayyada Wazaify, Nour Alhusein, Jenny Scott
The second week after my endoscopy, I saw the doctor and he asked ‘So, how are you [name]?’ I replied that I had a heartburn. He said: ‘No way! With the Xanax?!!!’ I said: ‘I didn’t get the Xanax as the pharmacist said it may cause dependence’. The doctor got angry and said ‘What!!! The pharmacist does not know better than me. Here is another prescription [for Xanax]. I am your doctor, I know what is best for you. Don’t listen to the pharmacist’….I went to the pharmacist, didn’t find Xanax but got Prazin [the generic] and then started my problem, I started to escalate the dose gradually, tried to stop more than once