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Petrolatum: Conditioning Through Occlusion
Published in Randy Schueller, Perry Romanowski, Conditioning Agents for Hair and Skin, 2020
Randy Schueller, Perry Romanowski
Numerous authors have cited petrolatum's conditioning of the skin via occlusivity. Steenbergen reported that petrolatum is the most efficient substance for retaining moisture in the skin and allowing it to hydrate to the point where the dry skin condition is overcome (22). A recent column by Fishman (23) stated that, for treating dry skin, petrolatum is a "classic emollient" and is "extremely efficient" at doing its job. White petrolatum was noted as being the best occlusive moisturizer in an article by Fisher and co-workers (24). Additionally, white petrolatum was recommended as the ideal moisturizer for people with abnormal skin, defined as that segment of the population with cosmetic dermatitis, since petrolatum is such a good moisturizer and it needs no preservative. An excellent paper on dry skin also has been published by Idson (25). In this fairly comprehensive article, the author reviews dry skin, the structure and function of skin, emolliency, and moisturization. Even though oils which contain fatty acid glycerides contribute to overall skin flexibility, Idson writes, their occlusion (and thus moisturization) falls far short of that provided by petrolatum. The efficiency and superiority of petrolatum as a skin conditioning agent was once again referred to, as this material was called "the most efficient occludent and emollient for protecting dry skin and allowing it to hydrate again." A chart in this paper placed petrolatum at the top of a list of emollient preparations, based on the ability to "protect" dry skin.
Bacitracin and Gramicidin
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
The value of bacitracin in the prevention of wound infections after clean surgical procedures is doubtful. A randomized, double-blind study that evaluated approximately 1200 surgical wounds and compared bacitracin with white petrolatum for postoperative dressings demonstrated petrolatum to be equally as effective for postoperative wound care as bacitracin. The important advantage of white petrolatum over bacitracin was that its application led to a significantly lower rate of contact allergy. Other studies that have compared topical antimicrobial agents for use on clean surgical wounds have confirmed that such protocols do not improve healing or reduce the infection rate (Smack et al., 1996; Bigby, 2007).
Vulvar procedures
Published in Miranda A. Farage, Howard I. Maibach, The Vulva, 2017
Allison Jackson, Danielle Cooper, E. J. Mayeaux
The wound base can be treated with pressure, coagulation, fulguration, 10%–20% aluminum chloride, or ferric subsulfate (i.e., Monsel’s solution) for hemostasis. All of these methods should be applied to a dry wound bed, so the blood must be wiped away and the treatment applied immediately after. White petrolatum (not antibiotic ointment) and a bandage are then applied (18).
Remodelling of the superficial vascular network of skin flaps in rats, following a vasodilatory cream application, before elevation
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2023
Glykeria Pantazi, Iraklis Evangelopoulos, Christos Evangelopoulos, Sofia Tilaveridou, Ioannis Iakovou, Athanassios Kyrgidis, Ioannis Tilaveridis
We selected white petrolatum as the base for cream preparation because the active ingredient is better dissolved in fatty base and this form has been reported to be better absorbed from human and rat skin. Penetration seems to happen from hair follicles; the keratin layer has been reported to act both as barrier and drug reservoir. Though the percentage rate of penetration and absorption from skin is not known for ZK 36,374, its long duration of action and following hyperemia denote slow release from some reservoir, probably the keratic layer as the life half time in plasma was reported to be roughly 15 min [28] (Schering AG, Wedding, Berlin, Germany). Iloprost® cream is not currently commercially available but it exhibits some benefit in our study and could be used as preventive and therapeutic in different pathological conditions, like flaps and skin grafts. Further research regarding the skin drug absorption is needed, while hyperemia (redness) which was observed when applied to the arm after only one application raises questions regarding the human skin tolerance and the inflammatory reaction. In experimental study in humans showed Iloprost administration was assocated with erythema and increase in body temperature [29].
A review of dry eye disease therapies: exploring the qualities of varenicline solution nasal spray
Published in Expert Review of Ophthalmology, 2023
Siddharth Bhargava, Ranjani Panda, Asma M Azam, John D Sheppard
Current therapies for symptomatic relief of dry eye include over-the-counter lubricant eye drops and ointment. Some common over-the-counter drops contain active ingredients such as hyaluronic acid, carboxymethylcellulose sodium 5% or polyethylene glycol 0.4% and propylene glycol 0.3% to aid in symptom relief [39]. These ingredients work by supplementing viscosity and coating by the ocular tear film and have been shown to improve the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score in dry eye patients [40]. Lubricating ointments with ingredients such as mineral oil and white petrolatum have also become available over the counter with increased residence time serving as the main advantage over lubricating drops. Some ointments, especially those which contain mineral oil, have also been shown to increase the thickness of the lipid layer in the tear film and therefore, increase the tear breakup time [41]. Though lubricating drops and ointments aid primarily through symptomatic relief and at least a temporary decrease in osmolarity, they cannot replace the eye’s natural tear film, nor do they offer sustained surfaced action.
Mineral oil in food, cosmetic products, and in products regulated by other legislations
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2019
Ralph Pirow, Annegret Blume, Nicole Hellwig, Matthias Herzler, Bettina Huhse, Christoph Hutzler, Karla Pfaff, Hermann-Josef Thierse, Tewes Tralau, Bärbel Vieth, Andreas Luch
Semi-liquid paraffin is a blend of solid and liquid qualities, comprising paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, and a white oil (Barry and Grace 1971; van Heugten et al. 2017). Semi-liquid paraffin is also called petrolatum, Vaseline, or petroleum jelly. The Ph. Eur. categorizes semi-liquid paraffin further into white soft paraffin (Vaselinum album) and yellow soft paraffin (V. flavum). In contrast to liquid paraffin, which is based on medicinal white oil, semi-liquid paraffin can be blended from technical white oil. This explains why the attribute “saturated” is missing in the definition in the respective Monographs and why the limit values for impurities of PAHs are higher (see below). Yellow soft paraffin derives its color from base materials that are not as thoroughly purified as those used for white soft paraffin. In the USP, the corresponding qualities are termed white petrolatum and petrolatum.