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Ethnobotany of the Silk Road – Georgia, the Cradle of Wine
Published in Raymond Cooper, Jeffrey John Deakin, Natural Products of Silk Road Plants, 2020
Rainer W. Bussmann, Narel Y. Paniagua Zambrana, Shalva Sikharulidze, Zaal Kikvidze, David Kikodze, David Tchelidze, Ketevan Batsatsashvili
Tussilago farfara phytochemistry: Carbohydrates (inulin, raffinose, sucrose, mukopectine, pectine), latex, steroids (sitosterol, stigmasterine), alkaloids (tussilagine, senesionine, senkirkine, petazitenine, symphitine), essential oils, vitamins (C), tannins, sesquiterpenoids (tussilagon, hydroxytussilane), flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetine, rutine, hyperoside), fatty acids (caprylic, pelargonic, capric, undecano, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, arachine, dodecene, tridecanoic, tridecene, tetradecene, pentadecene, pentadecanoic, hexadecene, heptadecanoic, heptadecene, octadecene, octadecadiene, octadecatriene), phenolcarboxylic acids (ferulic, p-hydroxybenzoic, coffee) (Sokolov, 1993) (Figure 11.24).
Fluorescence in Histochemical Reactions
Published in Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina, Fluorescence of Living Plant Cells for Phytomedicine Preparations, 2020
Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina
As shown in some publications (Roshchina and Yashin 2014; Roshchina 2014; Roshchina et al. 2015), the fluorescent method is able to determine biogenic amines in pollen grains. Among 24 plant species studied, increased amounts of catecholamines and/or histamine were observed in pollen of Acer platanoides L., Anemone ranunculoides L., Anthriscus sylvestris L., Betula verrucosa Ehrh., Corylus avellana L., Larix decidua Mill., Hippeastrum hybridum L., Narcissus pseudonarcissus L., Picea excelsior (excelsa) L., Pinus sylvestris L., Populus balsamifera L., Syringa vulgaris L., Taraxacum officinale L., Tilia cordata Mill., Tussilago farfara L., and Tulipa sp. This fact is related to the peculiarities of nitrogen metabolism of the plant species. Moreover, most fluorescent data confirm the experiments with similar pollen species done by Marquardt and Vogg (1952) with the help of pharmacological and chemical methods. This information is very valuable for medicine, because it provides knowledge about allergic factors (dopamine and histamine content). We should also remember about possible allergic effects of pollen, rich in the biogenic amines, as admixture in fresh raw pharmaceutic material, or when the microspores are used as natural drugs in medicinal care.
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Tussilago farfara (coltsfoot; family Asteraceae) is a perennial, herbaceous plant native to Europe. Often used as cough suppressant in the eastern United States, coltsfoot has the highest mutagenetic activity of any known PA-producing plants.
Extraction and derivatisation of active polysaccharides
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2019
Phosphates. Phosphates for polysaccharide phosphorylation include Na5P3O10, Na3 (PO3) 3, Na2HPO4, and NaH2PO4. Zhao et al.26 studied the phosphate esterification of Tussilago fargesii by mixed phosphate method, and studied its physicochemical properties. The experimental conditions were optimised by single-factor experiments. The results showed that the mass ratio of mixed phosphate to polysaccharide was 1.5:1, the mass ratio of Na2HPO4 to NaH2PO4 was 2:1, the reaction time was 6 h, and the reaction temperature was 86 °C. Under these experimental conditions, the phosphorylated polysaccharide of Fagopyrum fargesii with an average degree of substitution of 0.697 can be obtained.
Cancer Related to Herbs and Dietary Supplements: Online Table of Case Reports. Part 5 of 5
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2018
Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara) is approved by German Commission E for cough, bronchitis, and inflammation of mouth and pharynx within a certain limited dose. Hirono, Mori, and Culvenor (1976) reported increased incidence of liver cancer (hemanogioendothelial sarcoma) in rats: a 16% coltsfoot diet (32% for the first four days) resulted in a 67% (8/12) cancer rate; an 8% coltsfoot diet resulted in 10% (1/10) of the rats with cancer; and a 4% coltsfoot diet resulted in no cancer in the animals over a duration of 600 days. Concern for this plant is also based on its pyrrolizidine alkaloid content, which can cause liver toxicity.
Risk characterisation of constituents present in jamu to promote its safe use
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2021
Suparmi Suparmi, Dasep Wahidin, Ivonne M. C. M. Rietjens
Furthermore, the high level of PAs detected in a large proportion of especially the Gynura-based jamu, indicates that banning the use of Gynura sp. as botanical constituent in herbal products will increase consumer safety. The level of PAs in Gynura-based jamu was three times higher than the level of PAs detected in dried farfara (Tussilago farfara) flos (Suparmi et al. 2020), which was also relatively high. Based on these results, the regulation HK.00.05.23.3644 (BPOM-RI 2004b) can be refined by adding Gynura sp. and Tussilago farfara to the list of banned ingredients in Indonesian traditional medicines.