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Syzygium Aromaticum, Curcuma Longa, and Lavandula: Volatile Components and Antioxidant Activities
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Odor compositions were adsorbed using the PDMS-coated bar as a device. The volatile compounds at different developmental stages are shown in Table 6.3. Although β-caryophyllene, 1,8-cineol, ar-curcumene, and α-terpinolene, were the predominant constituents in most cases, changes in volatile components with development stages were observed. ar-Turmerone was found in ripened rhizomes and it possesses antifungal, mosquitocidal, and anticancer activities (Dhingra, Jham, and Barcelos, 2007; Roth, Chandra, and Nair, 1998; Orellana-Paucar, Afrikanova, and De Witte, 2013; Oh, Baik, and Jung, 1992). From older rhizomes which had been harvested the previous November, additional compounds, i.e., β-bisabolene, β-elemene, and β-myrcene, were identified. Storage in soil over winter was assumed to be effective for producing additional compounds. 3-Hexen-1-ol was found as a characteristic compound from fresh leaves (Table 6.3).
Preclinical Perspectives of Mechanisms Underlying the Neuroprotective Effects of Selected Phyto-Constituents in Alzheimer’s Disease
Published in Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Nutraceuticals and Dietary Supplements, 2020
Marco Cascella, Maria Rosaria Muzio, Domenico Carbone, Arturo Cuomo, Sabrina Bimonte
Curcumin (1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-2,5-dione) is an orange–yellow colored lipophilic polyphenol compound derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa) that is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the ginger family (Zingiberaceae) and widely cultivated in the south and the southeast Asia, especially China and India. It is acquired from the rhizomes of the herb and has been used as a food additive or dietary pigment and in traditional medicine; today, curcumin is one of the most popular herbal supplements. This pigment is chemically a diferuloylmethane with a polyphenolic molecular structure similar to other pigments (e.g., resveratrol), catechins, or compounds found in certain fruit juices (e.g., blueberries, strawberries, pomegranates, etc.). Curcuma longa contains several congeners of curcumin (curcuminoids) such as demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Another chemical in turmeric tested in lab-studies is aromatic-turmerone. Although this compound possesses anti-inflammatory properties resulting from the blockade of microglia signaling (Park et al., 2012), further studies are needed to prove its efficacy on neurodegenerative conditions like AD.
Central Nervous System Effects of Essential Oil Compounds
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Elaine Elisabetsky, Domingos S. Nunes
Ar-turmerone 28 was active in a PTZ model in zebrafish larvae (Orellana-Paucar et al., 2012), the iv PTZ perfusion test in mice, and the 6 Hz psychomotor model (NMRI mice) that models partial epilepsy (Orellana-Paucar et al., 2013). In addition, 28 modulated two seizure-related genes (c-fos and BDNF) expression patterns in zebrafish. There were no effects on motor function and/or balance with doses 500 times higher than the effective dose in the 6 Hz model. The quantification of 28 in brain revealed good absorption after ip injection and the ability to cross the BBB and to stay in the brain for a suitable time. Authors speculate that the protective effect against PTZ-induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress-induced DNA damage (Ribeiro et al., 2005) and the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of ar-turmerone would contribute to reduce the neuronal loss that accompanies convulsions, as in the case of zonisamide (Willmore, 2005).
An Overview of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Emphasis on Dietary Products and Herbal Remedies
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Deepa S. Mandlik, Satish K. Mandlik
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a widely used spice throughout India. Curcumin is a yellow pigment found in the Curcuma longa plant that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. The extract of Curcuma longa resulted in less visceral fat, a lower liver-to-body-weight ratio, and a delay in pathogenesis in HBV X protein in transgenic mice. Since HBV infection is linked to the development and progression of cirrhosis and HCC, the spice may be an effective treatment for HBV-related liver cancer (93). Curcumin showed anticancer activity in an In Vivo study against chemical-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Curcumin administration decreased hyperplastic nodules, markers of liver injury, decrease in body weight and hypoproteinemia in the livers of rats exposed to DEN/phenobarbital (94). Curcumin’s anticancer properties included increased degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor, as well as the possibility that curcumin could promote apoptosis in Hep3B cells (95). The oral treatment of curcumin to rats resulted in conjugation with glucuronide after absorption. Against HepG2 cancer cells, this conjugated compound had weaker anticancer activity (96). Curcuma oil, in addition to curcumin, has hepatoprotective effects, and sesquiterpenoids may be the key bioactive ingredients. In mice, Curcuma oil treatment reduced concanavalin A-prompted oxidative stress and inflammation. In Vitro, the curcumin oil-induced apoptosis in cancerous cells in a dose-dependent manner, and in-vivoanalysis, subdued the growth of inoculated tumor cells (97). Another volatile oil contained in C. longa is aromatic turmerone (ar-turmerone). Further investigation revealed that ar-turmerone induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells was caused by the activation of the ERK and JNK kinases by ROS (98).