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Traditional Medicinal Plants for Respiratory Diseases: Mexico
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Assessment of Medicinal Plants for Human Health, 2020
Armando Enrique González-Stuart, José O. Rivera
The genus Datura contains various species that are hallucinogenic and have been used for centuries in magic and healing rituals.57 The medicinal and hallucinogenic uses of toloache were banned by the Mexican government many years ago, owing to the potential toxicity of its internal use. The plant contains various tropane alkaloids (including scopolamine and hyoscyamine), found in other species of the nightshade family, to which it belongs. For many decades, D. stramonium was included in the pharmacopeias of Mexico, the United States, as well as many other countries in America and Europe. Various respiratory diseases, especially asthma, have been traditionally treated using this plant by means of various preparations including powders and cigarettes made from the leaves. The tropane alkaloids do indeed have bronchodilating effect, but are not safe to use, especially in children.58
Behavioral and Convulsive Effects of Cocaine Metabolites: Mechanisms and Implications
Published in Richard J. Konkol, George D. Olsen, Prenatal Cocaine Exposure, 2020
Richard J. Konkol, Guy Schuelke
A recently recognized effect of BE is its ability to cause a systemic central analgesia independent of its local anesthetic action. In these experiments the hot plate thermal analgesia assay was used to investigate the molecular components of the cocaine molecule which are required to produce analgesia.33 These studies showed that BE and other tropane-ring-based molecules are analgesic, while EME is not.33 The relative analgesia of BE, NBE, and EC contrasts with the lack of potency of EME. The data are generally consistent with the earlier report of central effects associated with most tropanoid compounds.23
Phytochemicals: Some Basics
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
The anticholinergic alkaloids, such as atropine, hyoscyamine, and scopolamine, can cause hallucinations at high dose. They can also be fatal at relatively low doses. Every summer, there are reports of boys dying while trying to get “high” with Datura, a delirium-producing plant and source of all three of the tropane alkaloids, atropine, hyoscyamine, and scopolamine. These alkaloids act by blocking muscarinic receptors in the brain. However, it has long been known that the anticholinergic effects of many of the older tricyclic antidepressants contribute to the efficacy of those medications. Moreover, it has been found that scopolamine can produce a rapid antidepressant effect in some otherwise treatment-resistant sufferers of MDD, and it does so in part by activating mTOR.24
Datura and Brugmansia plants related antimuscarinic toxicity: an analysis of poisoning cases reported to the Taiwan poison control center
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2019
Uyen Vy Doan, Ming-Ling Wu, Dong-Haur Phua, Bomar Mendez Rojas, Chen-Chang Yang
The clinical effects of Datura and Brugmansia poisoning generally occur within 30–60 min after ingestion. Initial manifestations include dry mucous membranes, thirst, difficulty swallowing and speaking, blurred vision, and photophobia [26–31]. These can be followed by hyperthermia, confusion, agitation, and combative behavior. Visual hallucinations may occur and usually involve “seeing” insects. Other effects include urinary retention, seizures, coma and high systolic blood pressure [27,32]. A central syndrome sometimes may occur without peripheral signs and symptoms [33]. The dose related to the different signs and symptoms have been described [3] but the actual concentration of tropane alkaloids is difficult to determine in plant poisoning.
Anticholinergic syndrome after atropine overdose in a supposedly homeopathic solution: a case report
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2022
Sabrina Schmoll, Katrin Romanek, Gabriel Zorn, Hans Eiglmeier, Florian Eyer
There have, however, been several side effects reported in children and adults, including deaths, related to abnormally high concentrations of tropane alkaloids in homeopathic products, often caused by compounding errors in the production process [3–6]. Atropine toxicity and lethality correlates poorly with the ingested dose but fatalities have been reported with exposures of about 100 mg [7,8]. Here we present a case report of accidental atropine overdose with ingestion of approx. 4.5 mg atropine sulfate due to a manufacturing error of a homeopathic remedie.
Prevalence of Stimulant, Hallucinogen, and Dissociative Substances Detected in Biological Samples of NPS-Intoxicated Patients in Italy
Published in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2021
Pietro Papa, Antonella Valli, Marcello Di Tuccio, Eleonora Buscaglia, Elena Brambilla, Giulia Scaravaggi, Mariapina Gallo, Carlo Alessandro Locatelli
Tropane alkaloids. Atropine and scopolamine were identified in 38 cases (50% of hallucinogen positive cases) and in 35% of positive cases both molecules were present. This finding would suggest the use of psychoactive plants/herbs (i.e., Atropa belladonna) that contain both alkaloids. Positivity for other NPS emerged only once, in a urine positive for atropine and MDPV. Positive cases were equally distributed within the considered period.