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Sunscreens
Published in Dimitris Rigopoulos, Alexander C. Katoulis, Hyperpigmentation, 2017
The salicylates are relatively weak UVB absorbers but do have the ability to stabilize other agents, thereby preventing photodegradation. Consequently, they are used in combination with other organics. This group includes octisalate, homosalate, and trolamine salicylate.
Sonophoresis: Ultrasound-Enhanced Transdermal Drug Delivery
Published in Richard H. Guy, Jonathan Hadgraft, Transdermal Drug Delivery, 2002
In a relatively early trial, 3 g of 0.025% fluocinolone acetonide gel was applied to the flexor surface of the forearms of 12 human volunteers (McElnay et al., 1987). The treated site was then irradiated for 5 minutes with 0.87 MHz pulsed ultrasound at 2 W cm−2. The study was of a double-blind, sham ultrasound controlled, crossover nature. Drug absorption data was derived from skin blanching tests. Although sonication significantly enhanced steroid penetration, the magnitude of the effect was deemed too small to result in greater therapeutic efficacy within the clinical setting. Other workers have evaluated the effect of ultrasound at different modes, intensities, and frequencies on benzydamine absorption (Benson et al., 1986; Benson et al., 1989). The trials were of a double-blind, placebocontrolled nature. It was found that sonication did not improve benzydamine absorption across human flexor surface skin. Negative findings were also documented following attempts to enhance ultrasonically the delivery of trolamine salicylate (Oziomek et al., 1991).
Prospects of topical protection from ultraviolet radiation exposure: a critical review on the juxtaposition of the benefits and risks involved with the use of chemoprotective agents
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2018
Nilutpal Sharma Bora, Bhaskar Mazumder, Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
Octisalate, homosalate, and trolamine salicylate fall within the class of salicylates which is the weakest organic UVB agents. These ingredients have been known to posses very good safety profiles and are used in conjugation with other sunscreens in relatively high concentrations to augment UVB protection. The photodegradation of other active sunscreen ingredients can be reduced with salicylates such as homosalate and octisalate. These are available in the form of hydrophobic liquids which can serve as solvents for other sunscreens as well as provide water repellent properties (64). Alternatively, the salicylate trolamine salicylate is water soluble which is extensively found in hair care products.