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Triethanolamine Polypeptide Oleate Condensate
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
One patient had allergic contact dermatitis from triethanolamine present in both ear drops and shampoo (2). Details are not available to the author, but it is likely, that the implicated eardrops contained triethanolamine polypeptide oleate condensate, from which free triethanolamine had been liberated.
The Chemical Cross-Linking Of Peptide Chains
Published in Roger L. Lundblad, Chemical Reagents for Protein Modification, 2020
Homobifunctional imidoesters (Figure 8) were introduced by Singer and co-workers.47 These reagents have the advantage that the reaction with the protein results in charge preservation of the lysine residue modified. This class of reagents is highly specific for primary amines in the following reactions as shown in Figures 9 and 10. Aspects of the chemistry of this reaction are discussed further in Chapter 10. Buffer effects on the reaction have not been extensively investigated except to specify that the use of potential competing nucleophiles (e.g., Tris, imidazole) should be avoided. Most studies have used 0.02 to 0.1 M triethanolamine in the range of pH 8.0 to 9.0. It has been suggested that the amidation reaction is enhanced by the presence of triethanolamine in studies on the reaction of methyl-4-mercaptobutyrimidate.31 The greatest use of these reagents has been in the study of protomer organization of oligomeric proteins and self-association systems.
Pharmacology of Therapeutic Agents in Photomedicine
Published in Henry W. Lim, Nicholas A. Soter, Clinical Photomedicine, 2018
Ira C. Davis, Matthew J. Stiller, Jerome L. Shupack
Anthralin has been used in conjunction with ultraviolet (UV) B and coal tar baths (Ingram method), psoralen and UVA (PUVA), and etretinate. Maximal inflammatory response is noted at 48–72 hr. Major side effects include erythema, staining, and pigmentation. Contact dermatitis has also been reported. The incidence of erythema increases with higher concentrations of anthralin. Pretreatment with UVB or topical PUVA reduces the erythema. Short contact therapy has been advocated also in order to decrease irritation and staining. Application of 10% triethanolamine after removal of anthralin has resulted in a reduction in anthralin-induced inflammation without affecting therapeutic efficacy (8). Hair will stain purple under alkaline conditions, but has been reported to stain yellow under acidic conditions (9).
Ocular Permeation and Sustained Anti-inflammatory Activity of Dexamethasone from Kaolin Nanodispersion Hydrogel System
Published in Current Eye Research, 2018
Arunima Pramanik, Rudra Narayan Sahoo, Ashirbad Nanda, Rajaram Mohapatra, Ranveer Singh, Subrata Mallick
The diffractogram of the pure drug revealed the characteristic peaks at 14.23, 15.24, 15.74, 16.98, 18.61, and 22.83° (2θ) with corresponding interplanar distances of 6.22, 5.81, 5.62, 5.22, 4.76, and 3.89 Å respectively (Figure 1B). These sharp peaks with high intensity of DXA confirmed crystalline nature of DXA. Kaolin showed characteristic intensity peaks of kaolinite at 12.31, 24.91, and 31.7747 with corresponding interplanar distances of 7.18, 3.57, and 2.81, respectively. The diffractogram of HPMC showed a halo-patterned broad peak from ~7 to ~32.38 indicated amorphous nature. High intensity reflection of characteristic peaks of dexamethasone crystal has resulted drastically reduced ordering of the crystal lattice in the X-ray diffraction pattern of all the films. Triethanolamine-plasticized-HPMC matrix system contributed a major role in the considerable inhibition of drug crystal development in the film formulation.48 Significantly reduced ordering in the X-ray diffractogram of the films signified the existence of the drug in micro- and nano-crystalline form or almost in amorphous form in the solid–solid solution of HPMC.
Microbiota in a cooling-lubrication circuit and an option for controlling triethanolamine biodegradation
Published in Biofouling, 2018
Thomas Klammsteiner, Heribert Insam, Maraike Probst
Triethanolamine (TEA; C6H15NO3) is an alkanolamine that is frequently used as a main chemical working component in industrial manufacturing plants (Speranza et al. 2006). Its chemical properties makes it a popular cutting and metal working fluid as well as corrosion inhibitor (Weavers et al. 1997). Furthermore, it is used in industrial, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products as emulsifier and pH buffer (Sandin et al. 1990; Lessmann et al. 2009; Libralato et al. 2010). Alkanolamines are highly susceptible to biodegradation in various environments like soil and fresh water. Therefore, bacterial deterioration of TEA in water-soluble working fluids is a well-known problem (Prince et al. 1994; Eide-Haugmo et al. 2009). With concentrations around 1% (w v–1), TEA represents the major carbon and nitrogen source in many cooling liquid circuits (CLC) of various production sites, leading to selective enrichment and accumulation of TEA degrading bacteria. Although biodegradability can be seen as advantageous for the disposal after use (Buers et al. 1997), TEA degraders need to be identified and studied in more detail in order to control deterioration processes and bacterial colonization during its industrial application. In particular, bicine (C6H13NO4) is considered an undesired degradation product that may accelerate equipment corrosion.
Investigating the penetrating potential of nanocomposite β-cycloethosomes: development using central composite design, in vitro and ex vivo characterization
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2018
Nida Akhtar, Anurag Verma, Kamla Pathak
Fluocinolone acetonide was obtained as a gift sample from Akums Drugs & Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Haridwar, India. Soya lecithin, 30% was procured from Himedia Laboratories, Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India. α-, β- and γ-Cycloamylose (α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrin, respectively) were obtained as gift samples from International Specialty Product Limited, Wayne, NJ. Propylene glycol (PG) was procured from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Zwijndrecht, Netherlands. Ethanol (95% v/v), methanol, potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate purified LR, sodium chloride extrapure LR were purchased from SD Fine-Chem Ltd., Mumbai, India. Dialysis membrane 150 was procured from Himedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India. Carbopol 934P and Rhodamine B were procured from Central Drug House (P), Ltd., New Delhi, India. Triethanolamine was purchased from Qualigens Fine Chemicals, Mumbai, India.