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Ailments and Diseases
Published in James Sherifi, General Practice Under the NHS, 2023
General management remained unchanged, but access to NHS physiotherapy improved despite waiting times that could last months. Often the condition had resolved well before the patient was seen. Those who could afford to, paid for private physiotherapy. Patient advice leaflets on managing acute sprains and subsequent exercise regimes provided a temporary substitute for hands-on therapy. GPs could request a domiciliary visit by a hospital anaesthetist to perform a spinal nerve block for intractable back pain.
Functional Rehabilitation
Published in James Crossley, Functional Exercise and Rehabilitation, 2021
Injuries can be graded based on their severity. For example, a muscle sprain and connective tissue sprain can be graded on a scale of I–III. Grade I – partial tear with moderate pain and minor loss of function. Individual experiences pain but can continue to perform the task or activity they are engaged in.Grade II – partial tear with severe pain and significant loss of function. Individual has to stop the task or activity they are engaged in.Grade III – complete rupture, complete loss of function and absence of pain.
Leg Pain
Published in Benjamin Apichai, Chinese Medicine for Lower Body Pain, 2021
The ankle bears the full weight of the body. The bones articulate together by ligaments, but they allow some movements of the foot in flexion, extension, and rotation.22 The injury happens when the movements pass the yield point of the ligament’s range of motion, such as an excessive external rotation, inversion, or eversion of the foot. Sprains most often happen on the lateral side of the ankle; pain, bruising, and swelling may present not immediately but a few hours later. Without proper treatment and rehabilitation, the ankle may not heal well and may not be fully recovered, resulting in recurrent sprains.
Active ankle position sense and single-leg balance in runners versus non-runners
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2021
Brian Huynh, Ryan Tacker, You-Jou Hung
Ankle sprain is one of the most common orthopedic injuries. Based on the Consumer Product Safety Commission’s National Electronic Injury Surveillance System data base, an estimated 3,140,132 ankle sprains occurred in the United States between 2002 and 2006 (Waterman et al., 2010). Ankle sprain is also very common in collegiate athletes of various sports, accounting for 15–45% of all sport related injuries (Farrer, Franck, Paillard, and Jeannerod, 2003; Francis et al., 2019; Hootman, Dick, and Agel, 2007; Kannus and Renstrom, 1991). Ankle sprains often occur due to an acute trauma (e.g. landing on an uneven surface with one foot), resulting in compromised structural and functional integrity of the tissues surrounding the ankle joint. After an injury, impaired mechanical restraints and muscle weakness may be present at the ankle joint. Moreover, overstretched ligaments and joint capsules can compromise ankle position sense with less sensitive mechanoreceptors and further hamper ankle stability (Akbari, Karimi, Farahini, and Faghihzadeh, 2006; Arnold, De La Motte, Linens, and Ross, 2009; de Noronha, Refshauge, Kilbreath, and Crosbie, 2007; Freeman, Dean, and Hanham, 1965; Fu and Hui-Chan, 2005; Hung, 2015). Without effective ankle position sense, individuals may not be able to position the ankle joint in a stable position prior to an impact or respond to external perturbations in a timely fashion. As a result, about 73% of the individuals who have sprained their ankles before are likely to experience recurrent injuries and ankle instability (Hung, 2015; Yeung, Chan, So, and Yuan, 1994Yeung, Chan, and So).
Cross cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of the Greek version of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2021
Maria Tsekoura, Evdokia Billis, Konstantinos Fousekis, Anna Christakou, Elias Tsepis
Ankle sprain is one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries (Doherty et al., 2014), occurring both in sport and in everyday activities (Cruz-Diaz et al, 2013; Fong et al, 2009). Ankle inversion injuries correspond to 25% of all musculoskeletal injuries and to 50% of all sports-related injuries (Czajka, Tran, Cai, and DiPreta, 2014) leading to symptoms of pain, swelling, loss of function and significant disability (Ko, Rosen, and Brown, 2015). Chronic ankle instability is also one of the most common problems following an ankle sprain (Hadadi et al, 2017). Approximately 30% of ankle sprains can potentially develop chronic ankle instability and up to 78% of patients with chronic instability are likely to develop post-traumatic ankle osteoarthritis (Wikstrom, Hubbard-Turner, and McKeon, 2013).
Dry needling equilibration theory: A mechanistic explanation for enhancing sensorimotor function in individuals with chronic ankle instability
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2021
Jennifer F. Mullins, Arthur J. Nitz, Matthew C. Hoch
Ankle sprains are generally considered innocuous injuries; however, more than 40% of the ankle sprain patients will report at least one moderate-to-severe symptom in the 6–18 months following the initial injury. Further, as many as 74% of the patients develop chronic symptoms (Anandacoomarasamy and Barnsley, 2005; Braun, 1999; Konradsen, Bech, Ehrenbjerg, and Nickelsen, 2002). Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is defined by a history of ankle sprain accompanied by ongoing bouts of ankle instability, residual ankle sprain symptoms, and a decrease in patient-perceived function (Gribble et al., 2013). Aside from the disability experienced following acute ankle trauma, CAI has several long-term consequences including an increased risk of ankle osteoarthritis, limited physical activity, and diminished health-related quality of life (Al-Mahrouqi, MacDonald, Vicenzino, and Smith, 2018; Houston, Van Lunen, and Hoch, 2014; Saltzman et al., 2006; Wikstrom and Anderson, 2013; Wikstrom, Hubbard-Turner, and McKeon, 2013). Efforts to advance care for individuals with CAI have evolved from caring for simple anatomic laxity to the dynamic interplay between mechanical and sensorimotor impairments (Hiller, Kilbreath, and Refshauge, 2011).