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Drug Overdoses during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Approximately 3 percent of pregnant women who attempted suicide during pregnancy used antipsychotic preparations (Flint et al., 2002; Rayburn et al., 1984). In 2018, 2.5 percent of suicide gestures during pregnancy employed antipsychotics and psychoactive drugs (Gummin et al., 2019; Figure 14.1). One case report is published regarding overdose of trifluoperazine (including misoprostol) during pregnancy (Bond and Van Zee, 1994). Fetal death was the outcome, but the authors noted misoprostol as the probable cause of fetal death.
Capgras’ syndrome
Published in David Enoch, Basant K. Puri, Hadrian Ball, Uncommon Psychiatric Syndromes, 2020
David Enoch, Basant K. Puri, Hadrian Ball
There is no specific treatment for Capgras’ syndrome. Antipsychotic drugs may be prescribed on a symptomatic basis, and remission has been reported for a wide range of neuroleptics (Enoch, 1963; Halsam, 1973; Sims and White, 1973; Todd et al., 1981). Some authors have reported trifluoperazine to be ineffective (Enoch, 1963; Lansky, 1974).
Ayurveda Renaissance – Quo Vadis?
Published in D. Suresh Kumar, Ayurveda in the New Millennium, 2020
In a subsequent publication they reported a statistically significant positive correlation between quinine taste thresholds and the cumulative trifluoperazine dose sufficient to induce extrapyramidal side-effects like slowness of movement, tremor and jerky movements, for 48 acutely ill mental patients. Patients with high quinine taste thresholds, for instance, needed higher trifluoperazine dosage for the induction of extrapyramidal side-effects (Fischer et al. 1965b).
Involvement of oncogenic tyrosine kinase NPM-ALK in trifluoperazine-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Published in Hematology, 2018
Linlin Hu, Xiaonan Zhang, Jian Wang, Song Wang, Hesham M. Amin, Ping Shi
Trifluoperazine (TFP), a phenothiazine derivative antipsychotic drug [9], has been clinically utilized to treat schizophrenia and other mental disorders related to blockade of the dopamine receptor [10]. In addition to the antipsychotic drug, TFP is also a calmodulin antagonist that interferes with Ca2+-calmodulin interactions, thereby blocking Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent cellular events. Recently, it has been demonstrated that TFP can be a potential antitumor agent [11] because it is capable of inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner [11–13]. Since TFP has potential anticancer activity in different types of cancer cells, whether TFP could affect ALK+ ALCL cell survival is not clear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of TFP in ALK+ ALCL. We found that TFP suppressed cell proliferation, and caused cell apoptosis and G0/G1-phase cell cycle arrest. These findings could be explained by TFP-induced degradation and inhibition of kinase activity of NPM-ALK, resulting in alterations of cell survival regulatory proteins downstream of NPM-ALK. These findings suggest that TFP could be potentially utilized for the treatment of this aggressive malignancy.
A systematic review of antipsychotic agents for primary delusional infestation
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Meghan L. McPhie, Mark G. Kirchhof
Pimozide was used in nineteen studies, with a total of 109 patients treated (8,23–40). Dosages ranged from 1 to 16 mg/day. Approximately 93 patients (85%) showed some degree of improvement in symptoms. Fourteen patients treated with pimozide had no response and two were lost to follow-up. Another study examined the treatment effect of pimozide or olanzapine in 30 patients with DI, but did not specify the number of patients receiving each antipsychotic (41). Of the 24 patients followed-up, the majority had improvement in symptoms with either olanzapine or pimozide. Eight studies examined haloperidol, with a total of 19 patients treated (39,40,42–47). Doses ranged from 1–10 mg/day or 25–50 mg IM injection/4 weeks. Eighteen patients (94%) demonstrated an improvement in delusional symptoms, while one patient had no response to treatment. Three studies used trifluoperazine (44,48,49). A total of nine patients were treated with trifluoperazine with doses ranging from 10–15 mg/day. Eight patients (88%) showed overall improvement in their symptoms, while one patient had no response. A single study looked at the effectiveness of 7.5–25 mg of fluphenazine decanoate or 6–20 mg of cis-flupentixole decanoate injections (50). Of the 15 patients treated with fluphenazine decanoate, 14 showed improvement and one of the five patients treated with cis-flupentixole had no response. One study looked at the use of chlorpromazine treatment in three patients, with doses ranging from 150–300 mg/day (44). Two patients had moderate improvement in symptoms, while the other patient demonstrated a minimal response. Other studies found symptom improvement in a single patient treated with a 50–150 mg/day dose of sulpride (26) and a patient treated with a 150 mg/day dose of promazine (51).
Review and meta-analysis of add-on tranylcypromine with antipsychotic drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia with predominant negative symptoms: a restoration of evidence
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2021
The selection of eligible clinical studies of add-on TCP with antipsychotic drugs in negative schizophrenia is presented in Figure 1. Four studies were found for the primary meta-analysis32–35. Important characteristics of these four studies and of three very similar studies which were included in the evaluation of study design and in the analysis of adverse effects are summarized in Table 1. The antipsychotic drug trifluoperazine (TFP) was used in six of the seven studies evaluated for study design and in three of the four studies in the primary meta-analysis. One study used chlorpromazine (CPZ). The evaluation of the study design is summarized in the Supplementary Information (Supplementary Tables 1 and 2, Supplementary Fig. 1). The quality of studies achieved in the mean only 49.6% (range 31.3 to 65.6%) according to the requirements of the EMA guidelines for studies of schizophrenia. The lowest value of 31.3% is caused by non-randomization and non-blinding35. This study would otherwise reach the highest evaluation because of the good values of the other items. According to the Cochrane’s tool, a high risk of bias of randomization was found for three studies of the primary meta-analysis because of matching of patients in two studies and no details of randomization in one study. Three studies of the primary meta-analysis were double-blind. Only one of the studies of the primary meta-analysis was therefore randomized and double-blind34. The risks of attrition and reporting bias were found as low in the majority of the complete set of seven studies. The risk of other bias was regarded as high in three studies because of very short description36, very short study duration compared to the requirement of 24 weeks36,37, multiple explicit deviations in exclusion criteria38, and inclusion of only pseudoneurotic schizophrenic patients37. The diagnostic term pseudoneurotic schizophrenia is not used today and may include borderline personality disorder, schizotypal personality disorder and an anxious subtype of atypical depressive patients according to more recent diagnostic systems39. It was described as a multisymptom complex of depression in a contemporary comment40. No study in the primary meta-analysis included a high risk of other bias. One study in the primary meta-analysis had a lower risk of other bias because of a relatively long study duration of 16 weeks and a good description of inclusion criteria meeting the majority of recent requirements35.