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Fungi and Water
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Yun zhi or Kawaratake is the Chinese or Japanese name, respectively, of the mushroom species Coriolus versicolor, Trametes versicolor, or Polyporus versicolor, which belongs to the genus Coriolus, family Polyporaceae, order Polyporales and division Basidiomycotina (83–86). In North America, C. versicolor is commonly known as ‘turkey tail’ mushroom because the upper surface of its cap is velvety and attractively marked with concentric zones of varying colors – brown, yellow, gray, greenish, or black – and resembles a turkey tail (84). It is a polypore mushroom found throughout the world, but mostly in temperate Asia, North America, and Europe (83, 85). This mushroom rises up from lignocellulosic wastes. In nature, C. versicolor occurs as a mushroom body, but it can also be grown as mycelial biomass in submerged culture in bioreactors (84).
Preservative Resistance
Published in Philip A. Geis, Cosmetic Microbiology, 2020
Strains of Pseudomonas putida and Alcaligenes xylosoxidans ssp. denitrificans have been reported to exhibit high levels of triclosan resistance due to each of these two bacterial species being able to degrade triclosan by using enzymes (37). Triclosan degradation has also been demonstrated in Sphingomonas strain RD1 by the release of 14CO2 from 14C-labeled triclosan (38). Two root fungi, Trametes versicolor and Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, have been shown to transform triclosan by either glucosylation or xylosylation of the hydroxyl group (39).
Medicinal Mushrooms
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Temitope A. Oyedepo, Adetoun E. Morakinyo
While it has been established that β-glucans from mushrooms have anticancer activity, the alpha-glucans does not exhibit this effect (Volman et al., 2010b). Some mushroom preparations that have demonstrated significant effect against human cancers include active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) and Lentinan (from Lentinula edodes), Maitake D-fraction (from Grifola frondosa), Schizophyllan (SPG); from Schizophyllum commune), and polysaccharide-Krestin or polysaccharide of P (PSK/PSP) from Trametes versicolor (Guggenheim et al., 2014).
Peptides, proteins and nanotechnology: a promising synergy for breast cancer targeting and treatment
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2020
Anabel Sorolla, Maria Alba Sorolla, Edina Wang, Valentín Ceña
Cancer-related enzymes are also interesting therapeutics that could benefit from the encapsulation in NPs to prevent their early degradation and undesired side effects and to enhance stability in aqueous media and tumor selectivity upon systemic administration [100]. Some tumoral enzymes provide the ideal tumor microenvironment for the cancer cell to grow, divide and metastasize. Asparagine synthetase is an example of metabolic enzyme, in which cancer cells become highly addicted to, which produces the non-essential amino acid L-asparagine. Cancer cells are unable to produce sufficient quantities of L-asparagine and its depletion leads to cancer cell death [112]. Thus, L-asparaginase, the enzyme that hydrolyzes L-asparagine, is being used in some therapeutic protocols. In this regard, Baskar et al delivered L-asparaginase to BC cells in culture using zinc oxide NPs. The enzyme remained active in the NPs and reduced cell viability in MCF-7 cells by 65% [113]. Regarding extracellular matrix degradation enzymes, collagenase-2 (or metalloproteinase-8) and laccase have been exploited for the design of NPs in BC. Mauro et al demonstrated effective delivery and penetration of SPIO nanogels encapsulating doxorubicin and collagenase-2 in a 3-D breast tumor spheroid model composed by MDA-MB-231 cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, dense collagen, and proteoglycans matrix [114]. Laccases are multi-copper oxidase mostly found in plants and fungi with interesting antiproliferative and anticancer properties although still not very well known [115]. Chauhan and co-coworkers have encapsulated laccase from the polypore mushroom Trametes versicolor on pH-sensitive silver NPs. These NPs effectively preserved the enzyme activity and inhibited cell proliferation in MCF-7 cells through the transcriptional activation of pro-apoptotic proteins and downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins [116].