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Micronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Iodine poisoning is also observed in people taking high dose of iodine supplements and medicines containing iodine in their molecules such as amiodarone (3). Amiodarone is used in the treatment of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. Its main side effects include various pulmonary effects such as interstitial lung disease, pulmonary fibrosis, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, and liver disease (31). To prevent these side effects, a therapeutic drug monitoring of amiodarone in serum is necessary (31). Iodine molecules (I2) in the form of flake or vapor are toxic. Iodine (I2) diluted in water or alcohol is a good antiseptic, such as in tincture of iodine or povidone-iodine solution, but prolonged use can cause skin burn.
Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Contact allergy to and allergic contact dermatitis from iodine are well-known but have not been frequent. In the 1930s iodine sensitivity was found in about 1 per cent of all patients tested at the Finsen Institute in Copenhagen. In the 1950s tincture of iodine was gradually replaced with other antiseptics and numbers of sensitization consequently dropped, to almost zero in 1953 in Denmark (12). Iodine and iodine hydro-alcoholic solutions are well-known local irritants which can cause iodine burns. Patch testing with iodine 1% pet. and 0.75% isopropyl alcohol will cause irritant reactions (9). It may be assumed that, especially in the older publications (but also in the more recent ones [2,3]) and when tested with hydro-alcoholic solutions, many cases of ‘sensitization’ to iodine have in fact been irritant patch test reactions. As iodine is – apart from some cases of sensitization to it in povidone-iodine – a historical allergen, the early literature is not discussed here. Contact allergy to iodine from its presence in povidone- iodine is presented in Chapter 3.270 Povidone-iodine.
The nineteenth century
Published in Michael J. O’Dowd, The History of Medications for Women, 2020
Tincture of iodine was used as an antiseptic in French surgery in 1839 and was employed in treating battle wounds during the US Civil War. Iodoform was first prepared by Georges Simon Serullas (1822). An antiseptic and local anesthetic with a saffron like odor, it was a yellow crystalline substance (triiodomethane) and contained about 97% iodine (Ringer, 1888 pp. 341–4). It was first used in medicine by Bouchardat in 1836 but only came into general use as an ‘iodoform dressing’ in surgery in the late 1870s. Iodoform was particularly useful for syphilitic sores, soft chancres and orchitis. It was employed as a vaginal bolus, in a compound with cocoa-nut fat, in cases of uterine cancer. In high dosage it could have serious side-effects including death. Iodol (tetraiodopyrol) contained 80% iodine and was prescribed in place of iodoform, having a great advantage in being free from smell. Iodol prevented suppuration and was highly useful in syphilis and as a general antiseptic.
Allogenic chondrocyte/osteoblast-loaded β-tricalcium phosphate bioceramic scaffolds for articular cartilage defect treatment
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Shuai Wu, Zhiguo Kai, Dong Wang, Lina Tao, Peng Zhang, Dawei Wang, Dongxing Liu, Shui Sun, Jian Zhong
The Beagles were anaesthetized and the wool on the interior of the knee joint was shaved. Then, the areas to be used for the surgeries were disinfected with tincture of iodine. The skin and subcutaneous fascia were incised. The knee joint was incised through the interior of kneecap. The kneecap tendon and quadriceps femoris tendon were stretched out. The kneecap was stretched to form dislocation and the femoral trochlea was exposed. Three cylinder-like articular cartilage defects with a diameter of about 0.45 cm and a depth of about 0.45 cm were constructed in the femoral trochlea. Chondrocyte/osteoblast-loaded β-TCP bioceramic scaffold, chondrocyte-loaded β-TCP bioceramic scaffold, β-TCP bioceramic scaffold were randomly implanted into these three defects of each femoral trochlea. Then, the kneecap was restored, knee capsule and muscular fascia tissue were sutured, and the skin incision was sutured. Gentian violet was spread on the skin incision. The Beagles were cultured at 15–20 °C and received intramuscular injection of penicillin 800,000 IU once a day in the first three days to prevent infection. The Beagles (3 of each group) were sacrificed at 12 weeks. The treatments in femoral trochlea were evaluated by both naked eyes/digital cameras and histology.
A review on inactivation methods of Toxoplasma gondii in foods
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2018
Adel Mirza Alizadeh, Sahar Jazaeri, Bahar Shemshadi, Fataneh Hashempour-Baltork, Zahra Sarlak, Zahra Pilevar, Hedayat Hosseini
Finch et al. showed that the oocysts of a related chlorine-resistant parasitic protozoan were inactivated (≥99%) following exposure to 3 or 4 mg × 1 min/L of ozone [127]. Frenkel et al. found that a strong concentration of ammonia (28%) killed all oocysts of T. gondii within 10 min and a strong tincture of iodine did so within 30 min [78]. Another study found that 5% and 10% concentrations of ammonia for 30 and 10 min, respectively, inactivated oocysts [66]. Another study found that the use of iodine (7% I2 + 5% KI) for 30 min or 1% to 10% formaldehyde for 24 h eliminated all oocysts [128]. Ito et al. showed that sensitization with 1% Neo Kurehasol (coccidiocidal disinfectant) for 120 min, with 1% Lomasept (coccidiocidal disinfectant) for 10 or 15 min or with 5% Lomasept for 5 min completely inhibited sporulation of unsporulated oocysts. In addition, sensitization with Neo Kurehasol or peracetic acid for 48 h, with ethanol for 24 h or with methanol for 12 h killed the oocysts [121]. A summary of the effect of different disinfectants on T. gondii oocysts is listed in Table 4 and is based on the findings of Dubey [31].
Determination and identification of antibiotic-resistant oral streptococci isolated from active dental infections in adults
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2018
Juan Pablo Loyola-Rodriguez, Maria Elena Ponce-Diaz, Alejandra Loyola-Leyva, Jose O. Garcia-Cortes, Carlo E. Medina-Solis, Azael A. Contreras-Ramire, Eduardo Serena-Gomez
The field and tooth disinfection procedure were carried out with 30% of H2O2, followed by 5% tincture of iodine and then 5% NaOCl. Dental caries was removed using a sterile bur, and the access was performed without water coolant to ensure minimal contamination. In the case of purulent infections, a sterile saline solution was introduced into the canals, and the bacterial biofilm was disrupted using a sterile endodontic file. Then, the adherent bacterial sample was aseptically transferred to an Eppendorf vial containing 1 ml of sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). All collected samples were stored at −40 °C until the microbial and molecular assays were carried out.