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Nucleic Acids as Therapeutic Targets and Agents
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
The side effects of teniposide are similar to etoposide and include severe myelosuppression, gastrointestinal toxicity, hypersensitivity reactions, and alopecia. The agent is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation, and in patients with severe kidney or liver impairment, or severely impaired hematopoiesis.
Herbs in Cancer Therapy
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Annum Malik, Shahzadi Sidra Saleem, Kifayat Ullah Shah, Learn-Han Lee, Bey Hing Goh, Tahir Mehmood Khan
An isomer of podophyllotoxin, called epipodophyllotoxin, is isolated from Podophyllum peltatum’s roots. This isomer comrpises two active compounds called teniposide and etoposide. Their mechanism of action is inhibition of enzyme, topoisomerase II. Teniposide is used for the treatment of bladder cancer, lymphoma, and central nervous system tumors. Etoposide is FDA approved for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia, lymphoma, lung, ovarian and testicular cancers, and chorio carcinoma (Ireson et al. 2002, Shoeb 2006).
Medicinal Plants of the Trans-Himalayas
Published in Raymond Cooper, Jeffrey John Deakin, Natural Products of Silk Road Plants, 2020
Ajay Sharma, Garima Bhardwaj, Pushpender Bhardwaj, Damanjit Singh Cannoo
Etoposide is used for the treatment of Hodgkin’s disease, acute myelogenous leukemia, lymphocytic leukemia, ovarian cancer, germ cell tumors, rhabdomoysarcoma, and glioblastoma multiforma (Montaldo et al., 1990; Viana et al., 1991; Cai et al., 1999; Rather and Amin, 2016). Etoposide has some side effects such as hair loss, anorexia, diarrhea, birth defects, nausea, and low platelet and leucocyte counts. Etoposide phosphate is a better version of etoposide which has low toxicity and higher solubility in water (Schacter, 1996; Rather and Amin, 2016). Teniposide is used against a variety of refractory leukemia, brain and bladder tumors, but it is less often used compared with etoposide owing to its hematological toxicity (Richter et al., 1987). NK 611 has shown better antitumor potential compared with both teniposide and etoposide. Further, GL331, another podophyllotoxin derivative, is known to have 40 times better cytotoxic potential than etoposide. Furthermore, tafluposide (F 11782) and TOP-53 are also podophyllotoxin derivatives which have better biological potential and are under clinical trials (Terada et al., 1993; Huang et al., 1999; Rassmann et al., 1999; Kruczynski et al., 2000; Rather and Amin, 2016).
The effects of anticancer medicinal herbs on vascular endothelial growth factor based on pharmacological aspects: a review study
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Sajad Fakhri, Fatemeh Abbaszadeh, Masoumeh Jorjani, Mohammad Hossein Pourgholami
Podophyllotoxins are non-alkaloid compounds isolated from Podophyllum peltatum Linn. and Podophyllum emodii (Berberidaceae family). They have been shown to possess therapeutic effects on skin cancers, and venereal warts and some other studies have revealed their efficacy in lymphomas (76), bronchial and testicular cancers (77). Teniposide and Etoposide are semi-synthetic and active drugs of this class. As an FDA-approved drug, Etoposide has been used for the treatment of choriocarcinoma (78), lung cancer, ovarian cancer (79), acute myeloid lymphoma, leukemia, and testicular cancers. Moreover, Teniposide has been approved for lymphoma, central nervous system tumors, and also bladder cancer (80). In general, Podophyllotoxin derivatives function by inhibiting topoisomerase II (81) but also involve other mechanisms of action like inhibition of angiogenesis and VEGF.
Progress in the development of stabilization strategies for nanocrystal preparations
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Jingru Li, Zengming Wang, Hui Zhang, Jing Gao, Aiping Zheng
Due to the diversity and heterogeneity of nanocrystal preparations and the complexity of in vivo release behavior, the establishment of an effective in vitro dissolution method for predicting in vivo release behavior remains a technical challenge. Kumar et al. (2014, 2015) used the dialysis sac method, which was developed in the previous stage, to conduct an in vitro release test. Samples were obtained at a predetermined time interval, and HPLC quantitative analysis was conducted to draw the dissolution curve. This method can distinguish among sizes of nanocrystals and obtain the release curves for various sizes. Sievens-Figueroa et al. (2012) prepared a griseofulvin nanosuspension and compared the performances of the basket method and the flow-through cell method in vitro drug release. The results demonstrated that the flow-through cell method outperformed the basket method. He et al. (2015) prepared teniposide nanosuspensions for intravenous administration. They used the dialysis bag method to compare the in vitro release of teniposide nanosuspensions freeze-dried preparation and the marketed preparation. The results revealed that the passage of teniposide molecule in the nanosuspensions through the dialysis membrane was considerably slower as compared with that of marketed preparation. The slow release rate of teniposide nanosuspensions could be attributed to the slowly solution of teniposide, which maybe add to the benefit of prolonging the system circulation of teniposide for chemotherapy.
Optimization on conditions of podophyllotoxin-loaded liposomes using response surface methodology and its activity on PC3 cells
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2019
Zeyu Wu, Tingting Wang, Yonghong Song, Yang Lu, Tianyun Chen, Pengpeng Chen, Ailing Hui, Yan Chen, Haixiang Wang, Wencheng Zhang
Podophyllotoxin (PPT, C22H22O8, chemical structure shown in Figure S1) is an arylnaphthalene lignin existed in podophyllin, a resin generated by the genus of Podophyllum, which belongs to a member of the Berberidaceae family. In 1820, PPT was included in the US Pharmacopoeia due to its biological activities (Yousefzadi et al. 2010), and also considered as the most plentiful and effective constituent isolated from podophyllin. PPT has been used in dermatology with a long history (Norton 1994). In particularly, 0.5% PPT tincture was identified as the first-line drug for genital warts treatment by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Mohanty 1994). Recently, PPT has attracted more and more attention because of another outstanding property, that is, antitumor activity. It is effective in the treatment of various cancers, including lymphomas, Wilms tumours, genital tumours, and lung cancer (Choi et al. 2015). But the clinical application of PPT as an anticancer agent is hampered by severe side effects after systemic absorption, such as gastrointestinal toxicity (Canel et al. 2000), myelosuppression, and cytotoxicity of high dosage to normal cells (Zhu et al. 2009). In order to solve the above problems, chemical modification of PPT has been carried out. Several derivatives of PPT, for example, etoposide and teniposide, have been applied in clinic field, and show remarkable performance (Sun et al. 2014). However, the major disadvantage of them is poor water solubility, which causes allergic reactions and requires the use of toxic solvents (Farkya et al. 2004). Therefore, changing the form of PPT to improve the solubility and reduce the toxicity has become an interest of achieving safe therapeutics for tumour.