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Medicinal Plants of Mongolia
Published in Raymond Cooper, Jeffrey John Deakin, Natural Products of Silk Road Plants, 2020
Narantuya Samdan, Odonchimeg Batsukh
Chemical constituents: Sesquiterpene lactones: cynaropicrin (Figure 1.25), desacylcynaropicrin, γ-linolenic acid (Daariimaa, 2006; Konovalova et al. 1979; Tsevegsuren et al. 1997), sugars, coumarins, cardenolides, anthraquinone glycosides, 0.1% alkaloids, 0.7% tannins (Sokolov et al., 1993); sterols: taraxasterol, 3-O-acetyltaraxasterol, β-sitosterol, lupeol; flavonoids: apigenin and apigenin-7-O-glycoside (Figure 1.25), genquanine (Daariimaa, 2006).
Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
The seed oil contains 27% oleic-, 58% linoleic-, 12 to 15% palmitic-, and stearic-acids, beta-sitosterol, alpha-tocopherol, and squalene; also, contains caoutchouc and a mydriatic alkaloid similar to hyoscyamine.1 Lactucerin is considered to be a mixture of acetates of alpha- and beta-lactucerol. Alpha-lactucerol is identical with taraxasterol.1Hager’s Handbook adds beta-amyrin, germanicol (isolupeol), and, without questionmark, hyoscyamine, mannitol, up to 1% oxalic-, citric-, and malic-acids, sugar, resins, and proteins in the latex.33 Dried milky juice contains two bitter principles: lactucopicrin and lactucin, along with the very bitter lactucic acid and lactuceral.
Abies Spectabilis (D. Don) G. Don (Syn. A. Webbiana Lindl.) Family: Coniferae
Published in L.D. Kapoor, Handbook of Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants, 2017
Chemical constituents — The milky juice contains a bitter, amorphous principle — taraxacin, a crystalline substance — taraxacerin; also potassium and calcium salts. Roots contain inulin (25%), pectin, sugar, levulin, and ash (5 to 7%). The presence of phytosterols, taraxasterol and homotaraxasterol, and the saponin in the drug have been reported.50 The seeds contain an unnamed alkaloid.10
Taraxasterol from Taraxacum prevents concanavalin A-induced acute hepatic injury in mice via modulating TLRs/NF-κB and Bax/Bc1-2 signalling pathways
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Rui Sang, Yifan Yu, Bingjie Ge, Lu Xu, Zheng Wang, Xuemei Zhang
Taraxacum (dandelion) is the dry whole herb of Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz., Taraxacum borealisinense Kitam. or same genus plants. It is an edible and medicinal composite plant and widely used in traditional oriental food and medicine for its beneficial free radical scavenging, anti-bacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic, anti-atherosclerotic and hepatoprotective activities [8–11]. Taraxasterol is a pentacyclic-triterpene component isolated from Taraxacum. Our series of studies have shown that taraxasterol has great anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo. Namely, taraxasterol exerts the in vitro anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity by inhibiting inflammatory cytokine and mediator production via regulating NF-κB and MAPKs signalling pathways [12,13], and exhibits the in vivo protective effects in various animal models of inflammation including LPS-induced mouse endotoxic shock [14], ovalbumin-induced mouse allergic asthma [15] and adjuvant-induced rat arthritis [16]. Our recent study has also shown that taraxasterol possesses the protective effects on alcoholic liver injury in mice by exerting anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory response via CYP2E1/Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signalling pathways [17]. However, it is unknown whether taraxasterol possesses protective effects against immune-mediated hepatic injury and its underlying mechanisms. Accordingly, the aim of this study was undertaken to explore the potential protective effects and mechanisms of taraxasterol against immune-mediated hepatic injury induced by Con A in mice.
Inhibitory effects of taraxasterol and aqueous extract of Taraxacum officinale on calcium oxalate crystallization: in vitro study
Published in Renal Failure, 2018
Mahboubeh Yousefi Ghale-Salimi, Maryam Eidi, Nasser Ghaemi, Ramezan Ali Khavari-Nejad
Taraxasterol, a pentacyclic-triterpene compound which is isolated from T. officinale [16], and its anti-urolithiatic effect is unknown. Since potassium citrate is known for preventing the formation of kidney stone [17], in this study the in vitro anti-crystallization activities of taraxasterol, aqueous extract of T. officinale aerial parts has been investigated and compared with potassium citrate.
Taraxasterol protects hippocampal neurons from oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injury through activation of Nrf2 signalling pathway
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2020
Next, we attempted to determine whether taraxasterol affected the expressions of downstream proteins including HO-1, NQO-1 and GPx-3. As shown in Figure 5, western blot analysis demonstrated that OGD/R induced the expressions of HO-1, NQO-1 and GPx-3. However, the increased levels of these proteins were enhanced by taraxasterol.