China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Potential of Pseudocereals in Celiac Disease
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants for Human Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2023
Caterina Anania, Francesca Olivero
It has also been demonstrated in several studies that protein bioavailability in amaranth is of a high level and is significantly greater than that found in common cereals.2 In both amaranth, lipid content is between 2 and 3 times higher than that found in wheat.2 Fat content in amaranth rangrs from 5.7% to 10.9%56 and contains a high level of unsaturated fatty acids (75%–77.1%). Of these, the most common fatty acids are linoleic acid (50% of total), oleic acid (25%), and palmitic acid (20%).2 In addition, amaranth is an excellent source of 6% squalene, which is significantly higher than that commonly found in oils from other cereal grains.2 Squalene is a terpenoid compound, which is common in the unsaponifiable elements of cereal grains often used in the cosmetic industry and in skincare products. As a food constituent, squalene is important as a result of its cholesterol-lowering abilities that result from the inhibition of cholesterol synthesis in the liver.18
The Space Shuttle
Published in Norman Begg, The Remarkable Story of Vaccines, 2023
An adjuvant is an important ingredient for some vaccines. These performance-enhancing substances are very useful from a manufacturing perspective. With an improved immune response, it is possible to lower the amount of the active component in the vaccine and make more doses. This can be critical when manufacturing needs to be ramped up quickly, for example in a response to a flu pandemic. The science of adjuvants has mushroomed in recent years. Many naturally derived products have been found to enhance the immune response to vaccines. Squalene is an oil found in many plants and animals, especially sharks. The oil that lubricates human skin and hair contains squalene. It is used as an adjuvant for some flu vaccines. Another adjuvant, monophosphoryl liquid (MPL) is isolated from the surface of a type of salmonella bacteria. The ingredients of these modern bespoke adjuvants are not so easy to come by. For example, one adjuvant is derived from a plant extract from a soap bark tree, Quillaja saponaria, which grows only in central Chile, in protected plantations.
Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals from Fish Wastes and Their Activities
Published in Ramasamy Santhanam, Santhanam Ramesh, Subramanian Nivedhitha, Subbiah Balasundari, Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals from Fish and Fish Wastes, 2022
Ramasamy Santhanam, Santhanam Ramesh, Subramanian Nivedhitha, Subbiah Balasundari
The lipids of livers of shark species typically consist of a mixture of hydrocarbons (mainly squalene and some pristane), diacyl and monoglyceryl ethers and triglycerides. Squalene is an important component present in high concentrations (up to 89%) in the liver oils of deep-sea sharks (Peyronel et al., 1984). Squalene is considered very important therapeutically owing to its health benefits.
Design and evaluation of novel topical formulation with olive oil as natural functional active
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2018
Ana Henriques Mota, Catarina Oliveira Silva, Marisa Nicolai, André Baby, Lídia Palma, Patrícia Rijo, Lia Ascensão, Catarina Pinto Reis
Olive oil-encapsulated into alginate beads can be an interesting approach for new cosmetic products and sunscreens, incorporating both a natural product and a biocompatible polymer, for antioxidant and anti-aging effects (Fitó et al. 2007; Kim 2011). Another advantage of this system is that alginate and olive oil show naturally hydrating properties. Squalene, which is greatly present in olive oil as part of its unsaponifiable fraction, is the natural skin lipid with highest hydration level and protective action (Korać and Khambholja 2011). Also, vitamin E present in olive oil can increase skin hydration and water-binding capacity, which is of great importance when applied to a cosmetic base (Korać and Khambholja 2011). As for alginate, its application on wound healing process is very common, since this hydrogel can moisturize the wound environment, with suitable mechanical and biocompatible properties, and also deliver bioactives to improve skin diseases’ treatment (e.g., antimicrobial compounds or matrix regenerative factors) (Lee and Mooney 2012; Schmitt et al. 2015). Therefore, and considering all those indicators, we conducted in vivo tolerance assays and we measured the skin hydration and the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) for R olive oil encapsulated beads in both Beeler and Lanette creams.
Assessment of squalene eligibility in bettering some maternal and fetal disorders instigated by gamma irradiation of rats at mid gestation
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2018
Maha Fawzy Ibrahim, Nahed Abdelaziz
Squalene has been reported as antioxidant, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory (Ghimire et al. 2016) and to protect against the damaging effects of radiation (Bruce 2007). Furthermore, it has been shown that squalene elicits its beneficial effects on the different biochemical parameters through: (1) Modulating cholesterol metabolism through the feedback inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase activity (Pallavi et al. 2012), which in turn improves the sensitivity of the body to leptin that maintains gestation and increases the litter size (Liu et al. 2009; Tessier et al. 2013); (2) Reducing the lipid peroxidation, and regulating the enzymatic activity of SOD and maintenance of GSH level; the antioxidant effect which is probably due to the presence of isoprenoid unit in its structure (Farvin et al. 2005; Azmi et al. 2017) and (3) Stabilizing the layers of cellular and subcellular membranes through the formation of complexes with the fatty acids in the phospholipid bilayer membranes (as squalene occurs in the mid plane of the lipid bilayer) (Hauss et al. 2002), where it also preserves the transmembrane ion gradient, lipid asymmetry (Haines 2001) and the release of intracellular molecules (Farvin et al. 2004). Since gamma irradiation on mid gestation (day 10) has markedly disrupted the cholesterol levels due to vascular damage (Gilbert-Barness 2010), so it is theoretically possible that dietary supplementation of squalene would reverse the phenotype.
Chemical composition and insecticidal activities of the essential oils and various extracts of two Thymus species: Thymus cariensis and Thymus cilicicus
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Selçuk Küçükaydın, Gülsen Tel-Çayan, Mehmet Emin Duru, Memiş Kesdek, Mehmet Öztürk
Squalene (SQ) is a natural compound that can be a precursor of various hormones in animals and sterols in plants. It is considered a compound with pharmacological, nutritional, and cosmetic potential. Up to date, squalene has been investigated comprehensively and reported to reduce skin damage by UV radiation, cholesterol in the blood, and LDL levels, and prevent the suffering of cardiovascular diseases. Also, it has been reported antitumor and anticancer effects against ovarian, colon, lung, and breast cancer (Lozano-Grande et al.2018). Squalene, known as the bioactive compound, is the major compound in both of hexane extracts of two species. These species might be used in various medical or cosmetic products.