China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Nano Delivery of Antiviral Plant Bioactives as Cancer Therapeutics
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Haripriya Shanmugam, Badma Priya, Manickam Senguttuvan Swetha, Janani Semalaiyappan
Allicin present in garlic cloves is primarily responsible for its unique smell and taste. It is a sulphur-containing bioactive that has various pharmacological activities and is primarily used in the traditional system of medicines. It primarily targets the thiol enzymes and exhibits antiviral activity against a wide class of viruses that includes rhinoviruses, HCM, herpes simplex virus, and vaccinia virus (Ankri and Mirelman 1999). Allicin is involved in inducing apoptosis and prevents cancer cell metastasis in a vast range of cancer cells, especially in colorectal and pancreatic cancer (El-Sabre et al. 2020).
Effect of opium
Published in Dinesh Kumar Jain, Homeopathy, 2022
Sulfur is applied to the skin for skin infection. Sulfur is converted into pentathionic acid that exerted germicidal action. Sulfur also possesses a keratolytic property that may be the basis for the therapeutic action in certain skin diseases. Sulfur is used as a fungicide and parasiticide. It is used in the treatment of skin disorders such as psoriasis, seborrhea, and dermatitis. Prolong local use of sulfur may result in characteristic dermatitis (Harvey, 1980, pp. 980–981). It is an acute allergic inflammation of the skin caused by contact with sulfur.
CBRN and the Trauma Victim
Published in Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner, Trauma Care Manual, 2021
Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner
Sulphur mustard is a penetrating alkylating agent which causes damage to the skin, eyes, airway and, in severe cases, lungs. It is generally considered to have low lethality (<5%). The effects are usually slow with features appearing over hours—eye irritation (3–6 hours), erythema (6–12 hours) and blistering including bullae formation (12–24 hours). Systemic features may include bone marrow suppression and potential acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Neurotherapeutic efficacy of loaded sulforaphane on iron oxide nanoparticles against cuprizone-induced neurotoxicity: role of MMP-9 and S100β
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2023
Ghadha Ibrahim Fouad, Mostafa Mabrouk, Sara A. M. El-Sayed, Maha Z. Rizk, Hanan H. Beherei
The elements and the functional groups that exist on the surface of a material or within it, it could be quantitatively identified by using XPS analysis. Figure 4 showed the XPS spectra of SF-loaded magnetite nanoparticles and the high resolution C 1s, O 1s, and S 2p XPS spectra. The binding energies 284.5 and 285.7 eV are corresponding to C–C and C=S, respectively for C 1s spectrum (Wang et al. 2019). The presence of O is confirmed by its binding energy at 532.3 eV as represented in Figure 4(c) for O 1s spectrum (Cui et al. 2019). Sulfur (S) exists at two bind energies 163.9 and 171.1 eV that are attributed to S=C and S=O, respectively for S 2p spectrum (Wang et al. 2019). These results indicate the complete covering by the SF molecules, which makes it very difficult to detected magnetite. This also in agreement with TEM results as the SF molecules were observed as an outer layer coating the magnetite core. However, the SF is also expected to be impregnated in the porosity of the magnetite nanoparticles as it was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis method that produces nanoparticles with porosity that allows the propagation of active molecules within its microstructure (Mabrouk et al. 2022).
Effect of different salivary glucose concentrations on dual-species biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans
Published in Biofouling, 2021
Arella Cristina Muniz Brito, Isis Morais Bezerra, Maria Heloisa de Souza Borges, Yuri Wanderley Cavalcanti, Leopoldina de Fátima Dantas de Almeida
Measurement of extracellular polysaccharides, soluble (S-EPS) and insoluble (I-EPS), and quantification of the wet weight was performed from 0.8 ml of the biofilm suspension (n = 12 per group). The microtubes with the biofilm suspension were centrifuged at 3,000 rpm (1,300 RCF) for 10 min, at room temperature. The supernatant was used to measure S-EPS, whereas the biofilm precipitate was used to determine the wet weight in previously weighed microtubes and subsequent I-EPS dosage. The polysaccharide extraction and dosage methodology was previously described by Aires et al. (2008). Dosage of S-EPS and I-EPS was performed using the phenol-sulfuric method (Dubois et al. 1956). Aliquots were read at 490 nm and the quantity of S-EPS and I-EPS was calculated by a standard glucose curve of known glucose concentrations.
Benefits of prolonged infusion of beta-lactam antibiotics in patients with sepsis: personal perspectives
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2020
Petros I. Rafailidis, Matthew E. Falagas
This benefit in our opinion has been vastly underestimated; the effect of a fraction of an antibiotic-recommended dosage to lead to similar or even better outcomes than the recommended dose itself. It is not scientifically usual, if not wrong, to compare different doses of the same medicine in comparator arms in established medications. After a medication’s approval by the regulatory authorities, the dose(s) specified is used. Comparisons of the same medication are used in phase 1 and phase 2 studies of the same medication. To start a comparison with different antibiotic doses is an a priori implied acceptance that the use of a prolonged infusion is at least as effective as the higher intermittent administration if not better. This implies that the researchers using decreased doses of beta-lactams in the PI/CI arm accept in principio the theoretical advantage of PI/CI in obtaining the fraction of time above the MIC target. We were surprised that even in a well-established systematic review there was no emphasis in their conclusion that lower antibiotic doses were used in a proportion of the included studies [38]. This decreased dose used is by itself a benefit since it could lead to decreased consumption of antibiotics. Therefore, a potential benefit related to the use of lower antibiotic doses is that one can anticipate a significant financial gain for the health sector and the economy in general, if one considers global antibiotic expenditure. However, this latter potential benefit has to be assessed in the context of reinfection and readmission rates, for which currently data from clinical studies are lacking.