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Sunburn
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Sunscreen or Sunblock: Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) 5% or its esters in ethyl alcohol or in a cream or gel are quite effective in helping to prevent sunburn from ultraviolet B rays. Sunscreens with SPF rating at 15 or higher are recommended. Fair-skinned people need an SPF rating of 30 or more. For protection against ultraviolet A rays, it is recommended to use a sunscreen that contains at least one of the following: ecamsule, avobenzone, oxybenzone, titanium dioxide, sulisobenzone, or zinc oxide.2
Photoallergy
Published in Henry W. Lim, Nicholas A. Soter, Clinical Photomedicine, 2018
The benzophenones are ultraviolet-absorbing agents with absorbance into the UVA range. Sulisobenzone (benzophenone 4) was the first agent in this class to be used in PABA-free sunscreens. It is a low-level photosensitizer. Oxybenzone (benzophenone-3) is the most commonly used benzophenone in sunscreens today and probably is the most commonly used active agent of all classes. Reports of photoallergic contact dermatitis to this agent are increasing as its use increases.
Sunscreens
Published in Dimitris Rigopoulos, Alexander C. Katoulis, Hyperpigmentation, 2017
Benzophenones are good UVA absorbers, although their effectiveness is primarily in the UVA2 range. Oxybenzone is the most commonly used agent in this group and actually affords both UVB and UVA protection. Sulisobenzone and dioxybenzone have similar protective spectra but are infrequently utilized.
Prospects of topical protection from ultraviolet radiation exposure: a critical review on the juxtaposition of the benefits and risks involved with the use of chemoprotective agents
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2018
Nilutpal Sharma Bora, Bhaskar Mazumder, Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
Benzophenones possess good broad-spectrum UVB and UVA protection range. They are intensely photolabile and can undergo oxidation which can interfere with the antioxidant system. Out of the three FDA-approved benzophenones; namely oxybenzone, sulisobenzone, and dioxybenzone, oxybenzone is most commonly used, but also has the highest incidence of photoallergic contact dermatitis (64). Meradimate is another benzophenone which used in conjugation with other agents to enhance UVA protection (67). Avobenzone (butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane) is a potent UVA filter and was the first FDA approved organic agent which is able to effectively filter UVA (340–400 nm). However, avobenzone is highly photolabile; and loses 50–60% of its potency within 1 h of sun exposure (68,69). Avobenzone also affects the stability of other active sunscreen ingredients, like octocrylene and bemotrizinol and much research has been done to stabilize formulations containg these ingredients (70–72).