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Asthma/Bronchial Asthma
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Vitamin B12 may work against asthma in several different ways. One effect is to detoxify asthma-causing chemicals known as sulfites. Even if sulfites are absent from the daily diet, the body manufactures some every day as a natural byproduct of metabolism. Research has shown that vitamin B12 supplements (e.g., 1,000 mcg or higher/day) protect against sulfite-induced asthma attacks.8,9
Pharmacological Management of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Published in Sahab Uddin, Rashid Mamunur, Advances in Neuropharmacology, 2020
Shalini Mani, Chahat Kubba, Tanya Sharma, Manisha Singh
A history of hypersensitive reactions to edaravone such as multi-form, redness, erythema, anaphylaxis, decreased blood pressure, and dyspnea has been observed in some patients. The post marketing data from outside the US also reported sulfite allergic reactions. Approximately 10% of the patients treated with edaravone also experienced headache, dermatitis, eczema, brusing, and disturbances in gait (Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma America, 2017).
Lifestyle Influences on the Microbiome
Published in David Perlmutter, The Microbiome and the Brain, 2019
Sulfur-reducing bacteria (SRB) consume hydrogen in the generation of H2S, an autacoid with both pro-27,28 and anti-inflammatory29 signaling attributes. Like Archea, SRB are found in about half of human stool specimens30 and attach directly to colonic mucosa.30 Although sulfate-reducing activity is found in many phyla, the dominant SRB in the human colon are members of the genus Desulfovibrio in the phylum Proteobacteria.31 Dietary sulfur is found in ingested protein and in sulfate and sulfite preservatives added to a variety of foods, like bread, preserved meat, dried fruit, and wine. Sulfate is also present in the common food additive carrageenan. Even without food, sulfur is present in sulfated glycans present in host-derived colonic mucus. Unlike Archaea, which through their syntrophism with Ruminococcus grow well in a carbohydrate-rich environment, Desulfovibrio piger, is syntrophic with Bacteroides species like B. thetaiotamicron and thrives when animals are fed a diet high in sugar and fat and low in complex polysaccharides.32 When the diet lacks complex polysaccharides, Bacteroides-derived sulfatases liberate sulfates from mucosal glycans,33 helping D. piger fill its appetite for sulfur.
Contemporary management of the pseudotumor cerebri syndrome
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2019
A large study showed that patients with a sulfonamide antimicrobial allergy were about 10 times more likely to react to a non-antimicrobial than individuals without a sulfonamide antimicrobial allergy [41]. However, patients with an allergy to penicillin, having a completely different chemical structure, were even more likely to react to a sulfonamide non-antimicrobial (14.2% vs 9.9%) than those patients with a history of sulfonamide antimicrobial allergy [41]. Therefore, a hypersensitivity reaction to a sulfonamide antimicrobial or penicillin may be a non-specific indicator of a predisposition to allergic reactions in general. Drugs that end with ‘sulfate’ or ‘sulfite’ are different than sulfonamides. The likelihood of a patient with a prior allergy to sulfonamide antimicrobials having a life-threatening reaction to either oral (acetazolamide) or topical ophthalmic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors is very low [42].
Attenuation of Sulfite-Induced Testicular Injury in Rats by Zingiber officinale Roscoe
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2018
Akbar Afkhami Fathabad, Shahnaz Shekarforoush, Maryam Hoseini, Zahra Ebrahimi
The human body is exposed to sulfite agents through the ingestion or injection of sulfites that are used as preservatives and disinfectants in foods and drugs. Sulfite salts such as sodium metabisulfite (SMB) have been termed “sulfiting agents” because they release sulfur dioxide. The daily intake of these agents is much more than the acceptable daily intake. The acceptable daily intake is up to 0.7 mg per kg of body weight. However, it is possible to consume 180–200 mg/kg body weight sulfite from foods and beverages in a single day or meal (Ozturk et al., 2011). Although most toxicological reports on sulfites have dealt with the pulmonary system, other organ effects, including on the reproductive system, have also been described (Elmas et al., 2005; Vally & Misso, 2012). The results obtained in one study indicated that sulfur dioxide may cause high levels of oxidative stress in the testicles of male mice (Meng & Bai, 2004). In addition, our previous study determined the adverse effects of SMB on rat testes (Shekarforoush, Ebrahimi, and Hoseini, 2015). Thus, it is essential to determine ways by which our bodies can maintain homeostasis and good health even if exposed to high levels of sulfite agents.
Xenobiotic C-sulfonate derivatives; metabolites or metabonates?
Published in Xenobiotica, 2018
Two mechanisms were proposed for the formation of these sulfonic acid metabolites. Firstly, the attachment via the double bond of the sulfhydryl group of cysteine alone or within reduced glutathione followed by degradation to the thiol and subsequent exhaustive oxidation to the sulfonate. The second was that a sulfate group may be reduced to a sulfite (SO2-3) or bisulfite (hydrogen sulfite; HSO-3) which then reacts to yield the sulfonate conjugate. The reduction of sulfate to sulfite has been shown to occur in the intestine via the action of gut microflora (Robinson, 1965; Schiff & Hodson, 1973) and the addition of bisulfite to an unsaturated bond to form a sulfonate is a well-known reaction in organic chemistry (Heath & Piggot, 1947; Kharasch et al., 1938; Messel, 1871; Redtenbacker, 1848; Tilley, 1848). Indeed, the authors preferred this latter explanation and also reported that the sulfonic acid conjugates could be synthesized readily in the laboratory by stirring flumipropyn in SO2 solution under basic conditions (Yoshino et al., 1993).