China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Optical and Structural Properties of Biological Tissues under Simulated Diabetes Mellitus Conditions
Published in Andrey V. Dunaev, Valery V. Tuchin, Biomedical Photonics for Diabetes Research, 2023
Daria K. Tuchina, Alla B. Bucharskaya, Polina A. Dyachenko (Timoshina), Nataliya I. Dikht, Georgy S. Terentyuk, Valery V. Tuchin
Also, 2 weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats was studied for the investigation of glycerol diffusion in skin ex vivo [74]. Rats of the streptozotocin group obtained an injection of streptozotocin mixed with saline at a dosage of 5 mg of streptozotocin (Alfa Aesar, USA) per 100 g of body weight. The free glucose level in rat blood from the caudal vein was measured after fasting using the “Satellit Express” glucometer (Elta, Russia) before injection and 2 weeks after injection, which was 87 ± 14 mg/dL (5 ± 1 mmol/l) and 390 ± 153 mg/dL (22 ± 8 mmol/l), respectively. Optical measurements were performed in rats 2 weeks after streptozotocin injections.
The Duodenum and Small Bowel
Published in E. George Elias, CRC Handbook of Surgical Oncology, 2020
Several chemotherapeutic agents have been tried in the treatment of metastatic carcinoid tumors. Streptozotocin has shown some beneficial effect in this tumor with a response rate of about 30% but for a short duration. Streptozotocin has also been used for intrahepatic infusion in cases with massive liver metastasis. Although favorable responses have been reported in selected cases with such an approach, the overall results are difficult to assess because of the small number in these series and because of the slow growth nature and prolonged course with this malignancy. In addition to the chemotherapeutic agents, symptomatic management of the patient with the carcinoid syndrome has been beneficial to some extent. Unfortunately, because of the wide range of the hormones produced by these tumors, pharmacological control of symptoms is only partially effective. Facial flushing may be controlled by methyldopa or phenoxybenzamine. Bronchospasm is best treated with isoproterenol. Diarrhea has been controlled with methysergide which is a 5-hydroxytryptamin antagonist or by parachlorphen-ylalanine which is an inhibitor of tryptophan 5-hydroxylase. This is further discussed under the carcinoid tumors.
Immunomodulatory Drugs in Type I Diabetes
Published in George S. Eisenbarth, Immunotherapy of Diabetes and Selected Autoimmune Diseases, 2019
Kolb Hubert, Schmidt Michael, Kiesel Ulrich
It is generally accepted that beta islet cells are particularly susceptible to the action of free radicals due to low scavenging capacity. Indeed, islets have been shown to have a very low glutathion peroxidase content.17 However, no direct analysis of radical scavenging capacity has been published, and a comparative study of beta vs. alpha, delta, and PP islet cells has not been reported. The identification of inhibitors of free radical formation or action as possible therapeutic agents primarily comes from studies on beta cell toxins. There is now good evidence that streptozotocin toxicity is due to a chain of events leading to enhanced free radical formation in beta cells.8 Streptozotocin induces DNA strand breaks; the repair mechanism via activation of poly(ADP-ribose)synthetase causes depletion of cellular NAD, and thus reduces the ability to scavenge free radicals generated during normal oxidative metabolism. Accordingly, inhibitors of DNA repair and a hydroxyl radical scavenger improve survival of beta cells.8
Ezetimibe attenuates experimental diabetes and renal pathologies via targeting the advanced glycation, oxidative stress and AGE-RAGE signalling in rats
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Rabia Nabi, Sahir Sultan Alvi, Arunim Shah, Chandra P. Chaturvedi, Mohammad Faisal, Abdulrahman A. Alatar, Saheem Ahmad, M. Salman Khan
The biochemical kits for the estimation of creatinine, total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were purchased from Agappe diagnostic Ltd., Chennai, India, while, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) kit was obtained from Autospan gold liquid kit, Surat-Gujrat, India. The ELISA kit for quantitative determination of plasma CML was purchased from Bioassay Technology Laboratory Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China, whereas, rat insulin and microalbumin ELISA kits were supplied by Elabscience® Ltd., USA. TRIzol™ reagent was procured from Invitrogen, USA. Applied BiosystemsTM High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit was supplied by Thermo Fisher Scientific Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India, whereas, SYBR®Premix Ex Taq™ II (TliRNaseH Plus) was obtained from DSS Takara Bio India Pvt. Ltd., India. Ezetimibe (EZ) and glibenclamide (GB) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Co., USA. Streptozotocin (STZ) was obtained from Sisco Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India. GenX HbA1c automated immunoassay kit was supplied by Proton Biologicals India Pvt. Ltd., India. All the other chemicals/reagents used in this study were of analytical grade.
Co Q10 improves vascular reactivity in male diabetic rats by enhancing insulin sensitivity and antioxidant effect
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Ghada E. Elgarawany, Ahmed Desoky Badawy, Suzan M. Hazzaa
Fifty Wistar male albino rats weighing (225 ± 25 g) were used in this study. They were kept on standard laboratory chow and water ad libitum and housed in cages (70X70X60cm, 5/cage) at the animal house of Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University. The animals were acclimatised to these conditions for one week before the experiment then divided into 2 major groups.Group I: Control group (10 rats), they were given 0.2 ml of 10 mmol/L citrate buffer as a single intraperitoneally injection and left for 8 weeks.Group II: Diabetic group (40 rats), they were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) 45 mg/Kg dissolved in citrate buffer (pH 4.5) as previously described (Pop-Busui et al.2002). Rats were considered diabetic when fasting blood glucose levels became above 200 mg/dl (Akbarzadeh et al.2007). (Streptozotocin, Sigma-Aldrich, USA.). Then diabetic rats were classified into 4 equal groups.
Novel therapeutic targets for diabetes-related wounds or ulcers: an update on preclinical and clinical research
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2021
Jonathan Golledge, Shivshankar Thanigaimani
A recent systematic review identified seven previous studies investigating ischemic wounds in animal models [24]. These investigations were performed in a mix of mice, rats, and rabbits [24]. Ischemia was created through ligation or resection of the external iliac or femoral artery [24]. Wounds were created by excision of a circle of full-thickness skin from the paw (three studies) or thigh (four studies) [24]. Five of the seven studies injected streptozotocin to induce diabetes, as well as creating ischemia and a wound. Overall, a meta-analysis found that ischemia significantly delayed wound healing [24]. Diabetes did not significantly delay the healing of ischemic ulcers, but this analysis was likely underpowered due to the small number of studies identified [24]. Even fewer studies were identified, which simulated limb gangrene in animal models. Parikh and colleagues studied the effect of femoral artery ligation in three different species of in-bred mice [25]. It was reported that all eleven Bagg Albino (Balb/c) developed limb gangrene in response to femoral artery ligation. In contrast, only one-third of FVB and none of the C57BL/6 in-bred mice developed limb gangrene after femoral artery ligation [25]. The authors proposed the femoral artery ligation within Balb/c as a reliable model of foot gangrene.