China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Quorum Sensing and Essential Oils
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Isabel Charlotte Soede, Gerhard Buchbauer
Mukherji and Prabhune (2014) performed tests on various EOs and proved lemongrass oil and cinnamon oil to be active QS inhibitors. The group was the first one to adapt the EOs chemically in order to change their polarity by converting them into EO sophorolipids (= glycolipids) produced by a Candida bombicola strain to obtain oils that are more active in aquatic environments. They tested the EOs themselves, testing both the EOs with added oleic acid sophorolipid (OASL) and the EO sophorolipids. The test results revealed a higher QS inhibition when adding oleic acid sophorolipid into the growth medium, caused by its function as an emulsifier, even to of the inactive oils showed QSI activity then (basil, ylang ylang). After converting the oils to their respective EO sophorolipids, all of the tested oils showed inhibitory activity. The outcome of the study indicates that QSI is not only on account of constituents of the EOs, but physical properties play an important role too (Mukherji and Prabhune., 2014). EOs: Main components are indicated but no reference on this data is mentionedSensor strain: CV026 + C6HSLPerformed assay: Disc diffusion assay
Fungal Lipids
Published in Rajendra Prasad, Mahmoud A. Ghannoum, Lipids of Pathogenic Fungi, 2017
Simple acylated sugars have been occasionally identified, mainly sophorolipids in which 2-O-β-D-glucopyranose (sophorose) is attached by a β-glycosidic link to hydroxy fatty acids, e.g., 2-glucosyloxy-trans-octadec-3-enoic acid from A. niger96 and the ustilagic acids, di- and tri-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid β-cellobiosides, in the smut fungi Ustilago zeae97,98 and U. nuda,99 respectively. Sophorosides of hydroxy fatty acids also accumulate extracellularly in cultures of Rhodotorula, Cryptococcus and Candida.98
Promising treatment strategies to combat Staphylococcus aureus biofilm infections: an updated review
Published in Biofouling, 2020
P. S. Seethalakshmi, Riya Rajeev, George Seghal Kiran, Joseph Selvin
Biosurfactants of Lactobacillus have been reported to have anti-adhesive and anti-biofilm properties (Rodrigues et al. 2004), but the mechanism of action contributing to the inhibition of biofilm formation is still unclear (Jiang et al. 2019). Yan et al. (2019) found that the biosurfactants produced by both Pediococcus acidilactici and Lactobacillus plantarum had quorum quenching properties as it interfered with the release of AI-2. The biosurfactants also suppressed the expression of the biofilm-associated genes sortaseA, cidA, icaA, agrA, sarA, and dltB in S. aureus. Jiang et al. (2019) carried out a comparison between biosurfactants produced by two strains of Lactobacillus helveticus, namely, 27170 and 27058. Even though both strains produced biosurfactants that interfered with S. aureus quorum sensing, the biosurfactant of L. helveticus strain 27170 had superior anti-biofilm activity. These studies have demonstrated the potential of biosurfactants in therapeutic purposes apart from their industrial and bioremediation applications. Sophorolipids are glycolipid biosurfactants with antimicrobial properties, produced by non-pathogenic species of yeast (Van Bogaert et al. 2007). Sophorolipids produced by Candida bombicola ATCC 22214 in acidic, lactonic or mixed congener form significantly inhibited S. aureus biofilms on medical-grade silicone surfaces. Mannosylerythritol lipid, a surface-active molecule synthesized by the yeast Pseudozyma aphidis, disrupted S. aureus biofilms and reduced the metabolic activity of cells in biofilms (Ceresa et al. 2020).
Latest in Vitro and in Vivo Assay, Clinical Trials and Patents in Cancer Treatment using Curcumin: A Literature Review
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2018
Kevin Doello, Raúl Ortiz, Pablo J. Alvarez, Consolación Melguizo, Laura Cabeza, José Prados
On the other hand, in terms of curcumin antitumor activity, there are also a lot of strategies to improve its anticancer properties such us the use of novel curcumin derivatives (WO 2015067282 A1 and WO 2015067282 A) or the association with other therapeutic agents. Recently, the curcumin analogue 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-pentadiene-3-one (CD35) showed remarkable advantages for treating breast cancer. This analogue down-regulated the expression of YAP proteins, implicated in breast cancer cell autophagy, and inhibited tumor cell energy metabolism (CN107184568 A). In order to enhance the curcumin antitumoral activity, a formulation in which this drug was solubilized and nano-encapsulated in acidic sophorolipid has been patented. This new formulation improved the curcumin water solubility, stability, and bioavailability (WO2016013026A1). The association of curcumin/resveratrol and/or catechin for improving cervical cancer antitumor activity and the use of a curcuminoid mixture (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin) for treating head and neck premalignant lesions, have been also patented (WO 2015081319 A3 and 20160008479 A1, respectively). A new mixture of apigenin, honokiol, and curcumin that induced apoptosis in lung cancer (KR 101807000 B1) and the association of saikosaponin and dichloroacetate salt with vitamins and curcumin for cancer treatment have been developed (TW 201722415 A). In the same way, the patent CN 106668060 A described an association between sulforaphane, selenium, epigallocathechin gallate, resveratrol and curcumin with capabilities to reduce oxidization, remove in vivo free radicals, and activate Nrf2 channels. This new strategy has been assayed in lung and liver cancer. Curcumin and curcumin analogs have been conjugated with the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) or LHRH analogs. These combinations and formulations can also include some drugs and can be used to treat hyperproliferative disorders (US 20170258929 A1). Recently, a method for conjugating curcumin to antibodies has been developed and patented (US 9446145 B2). In fact, the US 2017367997 A1 patent describes an anti-PD1 antibody conjugated with curcumin.
Study of biosurfactant extract from corn steep water as a potential ingredient in antiacne formulations
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Lorena Rodríguez-López, Myriam Rincón-Fontán, Xanel Vecino, José M. Cruz, Ana B. Moldes
Additionally, comparing experiments 1 (ZnO at 1%) and 5 (BS-CSW at 2.5%), it is possible to observe the antimicrobial activity of both ZnO and BS-CSW by themselves. In fact, the inhibitory hale achieved in both experiments, in which the active principles were tested alone, were similar, being for the ZnO at 1% 10.16 mm and for BS-CSW at 2.5%, 9.38 mm. The antimicrobial effect produced by ZnO has been largely demonstrated in the literature, being explained by two different paths. The first one is related to the generation of reactive oxygen species, while the second one is caused by the direct contact to the cell walls (36). In this case, it can be speculated that the last one has been the most relevant mechanism, due to the cell culture was carried out under anaerobic conditions. This last mechanism could be affected by the size particle, being more effective as the particle size decreases. In this case, due to the ZnO employed was a non-nano material, the effect observed in formulation 3 would be also explained by the presence of the micelles formed by the BS-CSW. Consequently, the micelles of the BS-CSW may entrap more particles of ZnO, increasing its solubility and leading to a higher antimicrobial effect against C. acnes thanks to its interaction with the microorganism membrane. The antimicrobial capacity of BS-CSW has also been demonstrated in previous works. Therefore, Rodríguez-López et al. (15) tested the effect of 1 g/L of biosurfactant extract from corn steep water against pathogenic microorganisms, obtaining a 99.999% of reduction of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomona aeruginosa colonies. However, the number of references about the effect of surfactants or biosurfactants against C. acnes is scarce. Kim et al. (37) have reported the antimicrobial effect of a sophorolipid produced by Candida bombicola against C. acnes, being necessary a minimum concentration of 0.5 mg/L to observe a reduction in the number of colonies. This fact was corroborated later by Kim and collaborators (38), who studied the antimicrobial effect of this sophorolipid produced by C. bombicola using soybean dark oil as culture media.