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Pharmacology and Therapeutics of Dandelion in Gastrointestinal Disorders
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants for Human Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2023
Ding et al.6 evaluated the effect of aqueous root extract of dandelion on ulcerative colitis (which was the major response of inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBS)). In this evaluation, human colonocyte (NCM460) and human colonic epithelium cell line were selected and progressed in Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium and dandelion root extracts (1, 3, 6 mg/mL) were applied for assessment of anti-cancer effect. Dextran sodium sulphate (2%) was used to induce colitis condition on mice followed by evaluation of CV assay, induction of programmed cell death, cytokine measurement, and also evaluation of the serum liver markers, such as RoS, SoD, and the ratio of Gl and Gl-disulfide. The outcomes revealed that the extract showed: increased CV along with minimization of programmed cell death and OS;reduced ratio of glutathione along with its disulfide form in dextran induced colonic cells;in histopathologic evaluation, there was a marked decrease in inflammatory responses after addition of extract on 2% dextran induced inflammation.
Battlefield Chemical Inhalation Injury
Published in Jacob Loke, Pathophysiology and Treatment of Inhalation Injuries, 2020
Postexposure therapy consists of the following. Remove the subject from the contaminated environment immediately. Amyl nitrite (pearls, ampules), one or two crushed and held near nose/mouth for inspiration repeated every 5 min (to a maximum of eight ampules until recovery). Apneic individuals should immediately receive artificial respiration (possibly with a device to administer amyl nitrite via one-way valve). Oxygen therapy should be added immediately if available. Moderate hypotension may occur with this therapy but is rarely of clinical significance. Sodium nitrite/thiosulfate is then administered: parenteral injection of 10 ml 3% sodium nitrite solution over 1 min followed with 50 mil 25% sodium sulfate solution over 5 min. As part of the post-acute therapy, individuals should be observed for evidence of hypoxic damage (Norris et al., 1984) to critical organs. There is no evidence that antioxidants or antiinflammatory agents are of specific value. Individuals who survive (without coma or convulsions) an exposure for the time necessary to begin parenteral therapy are very likely to have survived without such therapy. This therapy is primarily indicated for other than inhalational exposures where absorption may continue over a prolonged period (e.g., swallowed CN salts, severe dermal/ocular exposure).
Homicide
Published in Burkhard Madea, Asphyxiation, Suffocation,and Neck Pressure Deaths, 2020
Burkhard Madea, Musshoff Frank, Schmidt Peter
The headspace gas chromatograph used was a Perkin Elmer Model 8500 equipped with a flame ionization detector and a steel column (4 mm) packed with 5 per cent Carbowax 20M on a Carbopack B (60/80) mesh (Supelco/Inc.). The carrier gas was N2 at a flow rate of 40 ml per minute. Temperature settings were 170°C for the injector, 250°C for the detector, and the oven temperature was programmed from 70°C to 170°C. Prior to injection of 1 ml or 1 g of homogenized biological sample, respectively, 2 g of sodium sulfate was added to a 20 ml headspace vial and incubated for 45 minutes at 80°C. Aqueous calibration standards of halothane were prepared in the same way and the calibration curves showed a good linearity over a concentration range of 1–100 mg/l with a coefficient of correlation of 0.996. Analysis of spiked blood samples revealed no matrix effects.
New isoxazolidinyl-based N-alkylethanolamines as new activators of human brain carbonic anhydrases
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2023
Doretta Cuffaro, Riccardo Di Leo, Lidia Ciccone, Alessio Nocentini, Claudiu T. Supuran, Elisa Nuti, Armando Rossello
1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Avance III HD 400 MHz spectrometer. Chemical shifts (δ) are reported in parts per million and coupling constants (J) are reported in hertz (Hz). 13C NMR spectra were fully decoupled. The following abbreviations were used to explain multiplicities: singlet (s), doublet (d), triplet (t), double doublet (dd), broad (br), and multiplet (m). Chromatographic separations were performed on silica gel columns by flash column chromatography (Kieselgel 40, 0.040 0.063 mm, Merck). Reactions were followed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on Merck aluminium silica gel (60 F254) sheets that were visualised under a UV lamp. Evaporation was performed in vacuo (rotating evaporator). Sodium sulphate was always used as the drying agent. Commercially available chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Activation of carbonic anhydrases from human brain by amino alcohol oxime ethers: towards human carbonic anhydrase VII selective activators
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2021
Alessio Nocentini, Doretta Cuffaro, Lidia Ciccone, Elisabetta Orlandini, Susanna Nencetti, Elisa Nuti, Armando Rossello, Claudiu T. Supuran
1H and 13 C NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Avance III HD 400 MHz spectrometer. Chemical shifts (δ) are reported in parts per million and coupling constants (J) are reported in hertz (Hz). 13 C NMR spectra were fully decoupled. The following abbreviations were used to explain multiplicities: singlet (s), doublet (d), triplet (t), double doublet (dd), broad (br), and multiplet (m). Chromatographic separations were performed on silica gel columns by flash column chromatography (Kieselgel 40, 0.040−0.063 mm, Merck). Reactions were followed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on Merck aluminium silica gel (60 F254) sheets that were visualised under a UV lamp. Evaporation was performed in vacuo (rotating evaporator). Sodium sulphate was always used as the drying agent. Commercially available chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of benzothiazin-4-ones: a possible new class of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2019
Gabriele A. Berwaldt, Daniela P. Gouvêa, Daniel S. da Silva, Adriana M. das Neves, Mayara S. P. Soares, Juliana H. Azambuja, Geonir M. Siqueira, Roselia M. Spanevello, Wilson Cunico
Benzothiazinones derivatives have attracted continuing interest over the years because of their diverse biological activities12. A literature survey reveals that several benzothiazin-4-ones have been prepared based on different synthetic routes: a) from classic primary amine, aldehyde or ketone and thiosalicylic acid as reported by Zarghi et al.17 using p-toluenesulfonic acid catalyst in toluene reflux or as reported by Kamel et al.20 using sodium sulfate in dioxane or as reported by Kitsiou et al.21 and Silverberg et al.11 using propylphosphonic acid anhydride (T3P) as catalyst; b) from 2-aminothiophenol and chloroacetic acid as reported by Shaikh et al.16; c) from aromatic carboxylic acid with ammonium isothiocyanate as reported by Peng et al.22