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Parenteral nutrition
Published in Janet M Rennie, Giles S Kendall, A Manual of Neonatal Intensive Care, 2013
Janet M Rennie, Giles S Kendall
Hypophosphataemia often develops in very low birth weight babies receiving PN. If the phosphate remains below 0.8 mmol/L, the only practical solution is to give an infusion of IV phosphate using one of the formulations below (dissolved in 10% dextrose) and to stop the PN for a few hours. Recommendations regarding infusion are a maximum rate of potassium phosphate 0.5 mmol K/kg/h and aim to give about 0.5–1 mmol PO4/kg in 12 hours. Formulas currently available are: potassium phosphate 17.42%, 1 mL contains 2 mmol K and 1 mmol PO4; potassium acid phosphate 13.6%, 1 mL contains 1 mmol PO4 and 1 mmol K; sodium glycerophosphate, 1 mL contains 1 mmol PO4 and 2 mmol Na.
Compartmentalisation of cAMP-dependent signalling in blood platelets: The role of lipid rafts and actin polymerisation
Published in Platelets, 2015
Zaher Raslan, Khalid M. Naseem
Platelets (1 × 109/ml, 450 µl), prepared as described above, were preincubated at 37 °C with MβCD (2.5 mM) for 30 minutes or left untreated. The reaction was terminated by the addition of 2× lipid raft lysis buffer (20 mM Tris, 100 mM NaCl, 60 mM sodium pyrophosphate, 20 mM sodium glycerophosphate, 0.02% w/v sodium azide, 0.1% Triton X-100, 2 mM sodium vanadate and protease inhibitor tablet, pH 8.0). Lysates were vortexed and incubated on ice for 30 minutes. Samples were mixed with equal volumes of 80% w/v sucrose to give 40% w/v final concentration. This was transferred to an ultracentrifuge tube where 5 ml of 30% w/v sucrose was layered on top followed by another 5-ml layer of 5% w/v sucrose. Each sucrose solution also contained 0.1% w/v Triton X-100. Tubes were centrifuged in a Beckman Coulter ultracentrifuge at 200 000 g for 18 hours at 4 °C. Sequential 1-ml fractions were collected from the top of each sample [16]. Fractions were then subjected to SDS-PAGE as described above.
Localized co-delivery of CNTF and FK506 using a thermosensitive hydrogel for retina ganglion cells protection after traumatic optic nerve injury
Published in Drug Delivery, 2020
Dongmei Wang, Mengmeng Luo, Baoshan Huang, Wa Gao, Yan Jiang, Qing Li, Kaihui Nan, Sen Lin
A CS-based thermo-responsive hydrogel was prepared using β-GP as the gelatin agents with the methods described by Deng et al (2017), with slight modification. Briefly, CS was dissolved in 0.1 mol/L acetic acid. The β-sodium glycerophosphate (0.7 g/mL in distilled water) was added to the solution dropwise over 10 min with magnetic stirring under an ice bath to achieve the final pH of 7.2. After homogenous mixing, the hydrogel was formed when the temperature escalated to 37 °C. To prepare drug-loaded hydrogel, the FK506 micelle (17.6 μg) and CNTF (20 μg) were suspended/dissolved in 10 mL CS solution (in 0.1 mol/L acetic acid). It was gelled using the above-mentioned method.