China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Errors in Toxicology
Published in David Woolley, Adam Woolley, Practical Toxicology, 2017
A case in point is that of the Miracle Mineral Solution (MMS, a solution of 28% sodium chlorite), which its makers claim can cure almost all known diseases including (but not limited to) autism, cancer, H1N1 flu virus, and malaria. It is recommended by its makers that it be acidified (generally with orange juice) to produce sodium dioxide, a potent bleach. As is pointed out on a number of the product’s websites, sodium chlorite is used in hospitals as a floor cleaner and general disinfectant. It can also be used for stripping textiles and industrial water treatment. High doses can lead to nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and symptoms of severe dehydration. The extent of its use and its danger to the public are highlighted by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issuing a consumer warning indicating that consumers “should stop using [MMS] immediately and throw it away.” Some of the Internet’s populace met this decision with derision and anger. Further anger was thrown upon the conviction of one MMS’s sales people for “conspiracy, smuggling, selling misbranded drugs and defrauding the United States” and who could face a 34-year prison sentence.
General Principles of Microsurgery on Animals
Published in Yanlin Wang-Fischer, Manual of Stroke Models in Rats, 2008
Yanlin Wang-Fischer, Brant D. Watson, Lee Koetzner
The use of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is a chemical liquid sterilization process. The best operating temperature range for this process is 25°C to 30°C while using low concentrations of ClO2. The process requires 6 hours of contact time to achieve sterilization. The presence of organic matter reduces its activity. A processor converts a compound of dilute chlorine gas with sodium chlorite to form ClO2 gas, and this gas is then exposed to the equipment in a sterilizing chamber.
Mitogenic Substances of Bupleuri Radix
Published in Sheng-Li Pan, Bupleurum Species, 2006
The above-described results strongly suggested that the primary active component was not a simple polysaccharide. To identify the active component or components, we conducted enzymolysis and chemical modification to check if the activity disappeared. The activity did not disappear upon the addition of protease or glycosidic enzymes. The activity was suppressed upon exposure to acid or base. This tendency was especially conspicuous with alkali treatment. Also, the activity disappeared after oxidation by sodium chlorite (NaClO2), which is a lignin degradation method (Figure 12.11) (Kurakata et al., 1989; Fukuchi et al., 1989; Sakagami et al., 1999).
Acidified sodium chlorite solution: A potential prophylaxis to mitigate impact of multiple exposures to COVID-19 in frontline health-care providers
Published in Hospital Practice, 2020
Acidified sodium chlorite (ASC) solution, or sodium chlorite (NaClO2) in aqueous solution with acid (H+), forms semi-stable chlorous acid (HClO2). Chlorous acid degrades to chlorine dioxide (ClO2), which, over time, further degrades to chlorite (ClO2¯) and ultimately, chloride (Cl¯) [7]. Exposure to light and higher temperatures accelerates the degradation process [11]. Chlorous acid and ClO2 are thought to be responsible for the microbicidal action of ASC [7].
Severe hemolytic anemia due to transient acquired G6PD deficiency after ingestion of sodium chlorite
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2019
P. B. J. E. Hulshof, J. Veenstra, R. van Zwieten
Sodium chlorite is an oxidative compound used as household detergent or bleaching agent. After ingestion, the reactive radical chlorine dioxide is formed which may cause massive oxidation of hemoglobin leading to methemoglobinemia and intravascular hemolysis.