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Management of COVID-19 Rehabilitation Nursing
Published in Wenguang Xia, Xiaolin Huang, Rehabilitation from COVID-19, 2021
Ground and walls: When there are visible contaminants, remove them entirely before disinfection. When there is no visible contaminant, disinfect by wiping and spraying 1,000 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant or 500 mg/L chlorine dioxide disinfectant. For ground disinfection, it is first sprayed from outside to inside with a spray amount of 100–300 mL/m2. After disinfecting the room, spray again from inside to outside. Disinfection time should be no less than 30 minutes.
Ecology
Published in Paul Pumpens, Single-Stranded RNA Phages, 2020
Furthermore, the FRNA phages, among other indicators, were controlled in an extensive comparative study on the efficiency of chlorine dioxide and peracetic acid at low doses in the disinfection of urban wastewaters (De Luca et al. 2008). The phage MS2 was used as a model in the investigation of the disinfection kinetics of very low concentrations of chlorine dioxide, which were applied in drinking water practice (Hornstra et al. 2011). The chlorine dioxide inactivation of enterovirus 71 in water was tested with the phage MS2 as a control, which appeared less resistant than enterovirus (Jin et al. 2013). Then, chlorine dioxide or UV resistance of echovirus was studied in parallel with the phage MS2 model (Zhong et al. 2017). Remarkably, the reaction of chlorine dioxide with the phage MS2 created products that deposited onto the phage particles and protected them from further disinfection (Sigstam et al. 2014). This protection took place on the coat protein, which was extensively but reversibly modified during the disinfection process. Moreover, the chlorine dioxide−resistant MS2 mutants were identified and characterized by sequencing and electron cryomicroscopy (Zhong et al. 2016). Interestingly, the chlorine dioxide resistance was connected mostly with mutations in the A protein gene (Zhong et al. 2016).
Safety and Toxicologic Considerations for Tooth Bleaching
Published in Linda Greenwall, Tooth Whitening Techniques, 2017
Shortly after the introduction of nightguard tray bleaching, which was originally administered by dental professionals, OTC products became available directly to consumers for their use at home. There are a variety of forms of these OTC bleaching products, including gels applied using a tray or paint-on brush, mouthrinses, chewing gums, toothpastes, and strips. Similar products are also available through infomercials and the Internet. More recently, tooth bleaching has become available in mall kiosks, salons, and spas and even on cruise ships, which usually simulates the in-office bleaching settings, often involving the use of a light but being performed by individuals with no formal dental training and not licensed to practice dentistry; such practices have come under scrutiny in several states and jurisdictions, resulting in actions to reserve the delivery of this service to dentists or appropriately supervised allied dental personnel (American Dental Association 2009a). Also of concern is the use of products with chlorine dioxide for tooth bleaching, which has been reported to have significant adverse effects on enamel (see Figure 21.4) (Li and Greenwall 2013).
Optometry Australia’s infection control guidelines 2020
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2021
Kerryn M Hart, Fiona Stapleton, Nicole Carnt, Luke Arundel, Ka-Yee Lian
Tristel Duo received TGA approval in September 2017 as a Class IIb medical device, allowing its use as a high-level disinfectant in Australia and New Zealand, according to the 2014 AS/NZS 4187 standard for reprocessing of reusable medical devices in health service organisations.26272829 Chlorine dioxide is the active ingredient and the CDC has data that support manufacturers’ bactericidal, fungicidal, sporicidal, tuberculocidal and virucidal claims.22 Although there has yet to be a peer-reviewed article investigating the efficacy of Tristel Duo with disinfection of tonometers, there are a number of papers supporting the use of the Tristel Trio Wipe System as a high-level disinfectant for nasendoscopes.33–35 Tristel Duo has met material compatibility testing with some ophthalmic medical devices, allaying concerns of possible damage to instruments.,30
Bilingualism and COVID-19: using a second language during a health crisis
Published in Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 2021
Scott R. Schroeder, Peiyao Chen
Still another threat to rational thinking during a pandemic is the causality bias, which is the mistaken belief that two events are causally related when they are not. In a recent study, English-Spanish bilinguals and Spanish-English bilinguals were less likely to incorrectly draw a causal link between a fictitious drug called Batatrim and recovery from a fictitious disease when they were using their L2 [60]. Likewise, the hot hand fallacy, which also involves irrational causal inferences, was reduced in an L2, based on a study with Chinese-English bilinguals [61]. These causality biases are relevant when healthcare professionals and the general public are attempting to determine the effectiveness of various treatments for COVID-19, ranging from conventional treatments that are being assessed by the mainstream medical community, such as Remdesivir, to unconventional treatments that are being recommended by non-credible sources, such as the ‘miracle mineral solution’ containing chlorine dioxide [62,63].
The increasing importance of the novel Coronavirus
Published in Hospital Practice, 2021
Mohammad Ridwane Mungroo, Naveed Ahmed Khan, Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
Gloves and medical masks or air filter respirators should be worn when arriving in a potentially contaminated area, performing diagnosis and treatment, since it has been suggested that face masks might prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 [47]. Protective face screens or goggles should be used to protect the eyes, conjunctiva, and face from blood, secretions, body fluids and aerosols, and should be disinfected and dried after use [48]. Protective clothes, such as disposable clothes, should be worn when entering contaminated zones or performing medical procedures and operations [48]. Epidemiological investigators, medical staff, cadaver handlers, and staff for transfer of cases should wear disposable work caps, KN95/N95 masks, gloves and clothes, work shoes and waterproof boot covers when investigating cases [48]. People responsible for specimen collection as well as laboratory staff should wear work clothes or protective clothing, waterproof gown, disposable work caps, KN95/N95 face masks or powered air filter respirators, double gloves, protective face visors, and work shoes with waterproof covers [48]. The same equipment as the laboratory workers as well as long-sleeved thick rubber gloves should be used for people in charge of disinfection [48]. Acidified sodium chlorite and its daughter compounds, chlorous acid, and chlorine dioxide, was recently proposed as a prophylaxis targeting the upper respiratory tract to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare personnel [49]. Also, povidone iodine has been suggested as another prophylaxis targeting the upper respiratory tract [50].