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The Treatment of Hypertension with Nutrition, Nutritional Supplements, Lifestyle and Pharmacologic Therapies
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
Sesame has been shown to reduce BP in a several small randomized, placebo-controlled human studies over 30–60 days [373–381]. Sesame lowers BP alone [182–186] or in combination with nifedipine [181,185], diuretics or beta-blockers [182,186]. In a group of 13 mild hypertensive subjects, consumption of 60 mg of sesamin for 4 weeks lowered SBP by 3.5 mmHg (p < 0.044) and DBP by 1.9 mmHg (p < 0.045) [183]. Black sesame meal at 2.52 g/day over 4 weeks in 15 subjects reduced SBP by 8.3 mmHg (p < 0.05), but there was a non-significant reduction in DBP of 4.2 mmHg [184]. Sesame oil at 35 g/day significantly lowered central BP within 1 hour and also maintained BP reduction chronically in 30 hypertensive subjects, and reduced heart rate, arterial stiffness, augmentation index, PWV and hsCRP [381]. Also, sesame oil improved NO and antioxidant capacity, while it decreased endothelin-I [381]. In addition, sesame lowers serum glucose, HgbA1C and LDL-C; increases HDL; reduces oxidative stress markers; and increases glutathione, SOD, GPx, CAT and vitamins C, E and A [181,182,184–186]. The active ingredients are natural ACEIs such as sesamin, sesamolin, sesaminol glucosides and furofuran lignans which also suppress NF-kappa B and inflammatory cytokine production [187,188]. All of these effects lower inflammation, decrease oxidative stress, improve oxidative defense, improve endothelial function, vasodilate and reduce BP [187,188].
Plant Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Sesame seed is the seed of the plant Sesamum indicum, family Pedaliaceae. Similar to flaxseed, sesame seed is rich in oil, omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid, omega-6 fatty acids, vitamin E, fibers, phytic acid, proteins, and minerals. Sesame seeds and oil also contain a lot of lignans (non-flavonoid polyphenols), particularly sesamin and sesamolin, substances that may help lower blood cholesterol levels, and may have antihypertensive, immunoregulatory, anticarcinogenic, and anti-aging activities (156–157). Sesame seeds and oils might prevent some cardiac diseases and inflammation such as atherosclerosis and arthritis (156–157). However, sesame seed and oil can cause allergy, including anaphylaxis. Sesame seed and oil are used as ingredients in various cuisines in the world (Mexico, Eastern Asia, Middle Eastern, etc.).
An Alternative Approach for Anti-Alzheimer’s Compounds from Plant Extracts
Published in Atanu Bhattacharjee, Akula Ramakrishna, Magisetty Obulesu, Phytomedicine and Alzheimer’s Disease, 2020
G. K. Pratap, Manjula Shantaram
The lignans are bioactive plant compounds, non-nutritional, non-caloric phenolic plant compounds that are found at the highest concentration in sesame and flax seeds and in lower concentrations in grains, other seeds, vegetables, and fruits (Abef and Yamauchi, 1990; Gokare and Akula, 2010). The chemistry and biosynthesis of lignans in plants present in major food sources and their metabolism in humans have been studied (Zhao et al., 2003). The plant lignans most commonly distributed in foods are lariciresinol, matairesinol, pinoresinol, and secoisolariciresinol (Houghton and Howes, 2005). Some lignans are present in foods, including medioresinol (sesame seeds, rye, and lemons), sesamin, syringaresinol (grains), and their precursor sesamolin (Rao et al., 2011). Lignans are recognized as a class of natural products with a particularly wide spectrum of important biological activities, with the main biological properties of lignans being antitumor and antiviral activities (Zhao et al., 2003; Kim et al., 2015) (Figure 2.2 and Table 2.2).
Synergistic hepatoprotective effects of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids from Indian flax and sesame seed oils against CCl4-induced oxidative stress-mediated liver damage in rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Sunil Chikkalakshmipura Gurumallu, Tareq Aqeel, Ashwini Bhaskar, Kannan Chandramohan, Rajesha Javaraiah
Sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.) (SS) contains 18–25% protein and carbohydrates, 50–60% oil, which is composed of 36.4–42.1% of LA, an ω-6 FA, 16.3% of SFAs and appreciable amounts of lignans viz sesamin, sesamolin and sesaminol (Gharby et al.2017). Linoleic acid is reported to offer protection against cancer, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, osteoporosis, immunomodulatory reactions, and oxidative stress (Basiricò et al.2017).