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The Treatment of Hypertension with Nutrition, Nutritional Supplements, Lifestyle and Pharmacologic Therapies
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
Sesame has been shown to reduce BP in a several small randomized, placebo-controlled human studies over 30–60 days [373–381]. Sesame lowers BP alone [182–186] or in combination with nifedipine [181,185], diuretics or beta-blockers [182,186]. In a group of 13 mild hypertensive subjects, consumption of 60 mg of sesamin for 4 weeks lowered SBP by 3.5 mmHg (p < 0.044) and DBP by 1.9 mmHg (p < 0.045) [183]. Black sesame meal at 2.52 g/day over 4 weeks in 15 subjects reduced SBP by 8.3 mmHg (p < 0.05), but there was a non-significant reduction in DBP of 4.2 mmHg [184]. Sesame oil at 35 g/day significantly lowered central BP within 1 hour and also maintained BP reduction chronically in 30 hypertensive subjects, and reduced heart rate, arterial stiffness, augmentation index, PWV and hsCRP [381]. Also, sesame oil improved NO and antioxidant capacity, while it decreased endothelin-I [381]. In addition, sesame lowers serum glucose, HgbA1C and LDL-C; increases HDL; reduces oxidative stress markers; and increases glutathione, SOD, GPx, CAT and vitamins C, E and A [181,182,184–186]. The active ingredients are natural ACEIs such as sesamin, sesamolin, sesaminol glucosides and furofuran lignans which also suppress NF-kappa B and inflammatory cytokine production [187,188]. All of these effects lower inflammation, decrease oxidative stress, improve oxidative defense, improve endothelial function, vasodilate and reduce BP [187,188].
An Alternative Approach for Anti-Alzheimer’s Compounds from Plant Extracts
Published in Atanu Bhattacharjee, Akula Ramakrishna, Magisetty Obulesu, Phytomedicine and Alzheimer’s Disease, 2020
G. K. Pratap, Manjula Shantaram
The lignans are bioactive plant compounds, non-nutritional, non-caloric phenolic plant compounds that are found at the highest concentration in sesame and flax seeds and in lower concentrations in grains, other seeds, vegetables, and fruits (Abef and Yamauchi, 1990; Gokare and Akula, 2010). The chemistry and biosynthesis of lignans in plants present in major food sources and their metabolism in humans have been studied (Zhao et al., 2003). The plant lignans most commonly distributed in foods are lariciresinol, matairesinol, pinoresinol, and secoisolariciresinol (Houghton and Howes, 2005). Some lignans are present in foods, including medioresinol (sesame seeds, rye, and lemons), sesamin, syringaresinol (grains), and their precursor sesamolin (Rao et al., 2011). Lignans are recognized as a class of natural products with a particularly wide spectrum of important biological activities, with the main biological properties of lignans being antitumor and antiviral activities (Zhao et al., 2003; Kim et al., 2015) (Figure 2.2 and Table 2.2).
Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Baranov154 reports that Soviet phytochemists have found coumarins in the stems and roots, eleutherosides A (daurosterin), B, C, D, E, F, and G in the bark and wood of stems and root. Sesamin occurs in the root. Roots contain 0.8% essential oil, fruits 0.5%, leaves 0.31%, and stems 0.26%. Roots contain isofraxin, wax, carotenoids, pectins, and resins. Saponins from this plant have shown “reported” pharmacological activities, including effects on arousal and performance, energy metabolism, and cardiovascular system, and macro-molecular synthesis in the liver, testes, and bone marrow. Constituents have been found to increase adrenal capacity in stressed animals. Soviet scientists reported a doubling of survival time with mice treated with Eleutherococcus or Panax ginseng during chronic irradiation with a total of up to 7000 rads, hence, suggesting its usage in actinotoxemia. “Eleutherococcus is of value during therapeutic irradiation.” Hsu reports antineoplastic activity in China,51 but Duke reported at the 2rd Wuija Symposium that the NCI detected no significant anticancer activity in the leaves and woody specimens he collected with Lewis, Dharamanda, and Zaricor in Manchuria.41
Sesamin and sesamol attenuate H2O2-induced oxidative stress on human neuronal cells via the SIRT1-SIRT3-FOXO3a signaling pathway
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2021
Waralee Ruankham, Wilasinee Suwanjang, Prapimpun Wongchitrat, Virapong Prachayasittikul, Supaluk Prachayasittikul, Kamonrat Phopin
Sesamin and sesamol have received much attention in regard to their roles in longevity and neuroprotection. For example, sesamin can protect dopaminergic cells from a Parkinsonian toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced neuroinflammation in PC12 cells by reducing nitric oxide and superoxide radicals.44 Moreover, this toxin can enhance dopamine biosynthesis, and induce PC12 cell death by increasing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity.45,46 Bournival and colleagues found that sesamin increased the viable rates of high-glucose induced neuronal PC12 cells by promoting anti-apoptotic activities via BCL-2 family and alleviating caspase-3 levels similar to our present results.47 Interestingly, sesamin and sesamol pretreatment can maintain the ratios of BAX/BCL-2 and caspase-3/7 activation in H2O2-exposed SH-SY5Y cells compared with the control. Furthermore, Baluchnejadmojarad et al. demonstrated protective effects of sesamin against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in Parkinsonian rats which lowered an excessive accumulation of α-synuclein.48 In addition, an effective loading of sesamol in solid lipid nanoparticles delivered sesamol to the brain and mitigated cognitive impairments and memory deficits.49 Considering these results, sesamin and sesamol could be promising compounds with activity against oxidative damage, and they have potential for treatment and/or prevention of NDs. However, in vivo and clinical studies are still needed to better elucidate their mechanisms of action.
Administration timing and duration-dependent effects of sesamin isomers on lipid metabolism in rats
Published in Chronobiology International, 2020
Norifumi Tateishi, Satoshi Morita, Izumi Yamazaki, Hitoshi Okumura, Masaru Kominami, Sota Akazawa, Ayuta Funaki, Namino Tomimori, Tomohiro Rogi, Hiroshi Shibata, Shigenobu Shibata
Sesamin is one of the major lignans in sesame seed and oil and is epimerized during the refining process of this oil to episesamin. Therefore, sesame seed oil contains both sesamin and episesamin at a ratio of about 1:1 (Fukuda et al. 1986). Many studies into these sesamin isomers, a mixture of sesamin and episesamin (SE), have been performed and have demonstrated that SE has many physiological effects in animals and humans (Dar and Arumugam 2013). In particular, SE has been shown to improve lipid metabolism, lowering cholesterol and triglycerides in serum and liver in various animal models. The underlying mechanisms of these effects also indicated that SE suppresses HMGCR expression and promotes expression of enzymes related to fatty acid beta oxidation and other lipid metabolic enzymes (Ashakumary et al. 1999; Hirose et al. 1991; Ide et al. 2009; Lim et al. 2007).
Protective effect of sesamin in lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse model of acute kidney injury via attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2018
Ali-Mohammad Rousta, Seyed-Mohamad-Sadegh Mirahmadi, Alireza Shahmohammadi, Davood Nourabadi, Mohammad-Reza Khajevand-Khazaei, Tourandokht Baluchnejadmojarad, Mehrdad Roghani
Sesamin is the major lignan in sesame (Sesamum indicum) seeds and one of the two significant sources of lignans in human diet and an important nutritional supplement with multiple beneficial effects [11]. Sesamin has shown anti-oxidative [12–15] and anti-inflammatory [16,17] effects, is capable to prevent impairment of mitochondrial function in high-fat-diet-induced model of diabetes [18] and protects against alcohol-induced liver injury in rodents [19]. In addition, sesamin could protect against injury due to renal ischemia reperfusion in mice via suppression of inflammatory responses [20], is capable to alleviate high-fat-diet-induced hyperlipidemia and kidney injury through amelioration of oxidative stress [21], and to attenuate doxorubicin-induced hepatorenal toxicity via inhibition of oxidative stress [22]. Of related significance, sesamin has exhibited protective effect against fluoride-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in kidney tissue [23]. On this foundation, this research study was designed to explore whether sesamin could attenuate renal oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in LPS-induced model of AKI in mice.