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Osteoarthritis
Published in Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
Wogonin is a unique aglycone flavone that may offer protection from OA. The flavone is primarily found in Chinese herbal teas. Unlike other flavonoids that originate from the flower parts of a plant, wogonin originates from the root of the herb Scutellaria baicalensis (Zhao et al., 2016). In vitro studies show that the flavone exerts direct anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects through suppressing the expression and production of inflammatory mediators including IL-6, COX-2, PGE2, iNOS, and NO in IL-1β-stimulated OA chondrocytes (Khan et al., 2017). Wogonin also exhibited chondroprotective potential through inhibiting the expression, production, and activities of matrix-degrading proteases including MMP-13, MMP-3, MMP-9, and ADAMTS-4 in OA chondrocytes (Khan et al., 2017).
Heterocyclic Drugs from Plants
Published in Rohit Dutt, Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Vandana Garg, Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, 2020
Debasish Bandyopadhyay, Valeria Garcia, Felipe Gonzalez
The root of Scutellaria baicalensis was studied and the root showed great potential as a neuroprotector. This plant did not execute any toxicity towards humans so far. The two major flavones that were isolated and characterized from the plant Scutellaria baicalensis are known as baicalein and oroxylin (Gasiorowski et al., 2011). These flavones have demonstrated cognitive and amnestic functions on the animals being studied for aging and degeneration of the brain. Baicalein is a flavone that has shown to aid the inhibition of neuronal amyloidogenic proteins and also helps out to induce the amyloid deposit. Additionally, baicalein is known to function as an anti-inflammatory, an anxiolytic, and takes away action of mild sedative agents. This plant also contains wogonin, a minor flavone constituent, having the potential to aid in brain tissue regeneration (Gasiorowski et al., 2011).
Herbs with Antidepressant Effects
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
Skullcap refers to two medicinal plants, American skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora) and Chinese skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis). Scutellaria baicalensis has long been a mainstay in Chinese medicine, and has been used for anxiety, depression, neurological conditions, and gastric distress. Scutellaria lateriflora has been used in traditional Native American medicine for nervous tension and various psychiatric and neurological problems. The main phytochemicals in this genus are the flavonoids and glycosides, scutellarin, scetellarein, baicalin, baicalein, wogonin, wogonoside, apigenin, chrysin, and oroxylin A. The plants also contain serotonin, melatonin, and various alkaloids. There are differences between the two species in the percentages of certain phytochemicals they contain.1
Baicalein maintains redox balance in experimental hyperlipidemic rats
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022
Shambhoo Sharan Tripathi, Raushan Kumar, Akalabya Bissoyi, Syed Ibrahim Rizvi
Baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone, BAC), a flavonoid, initially derived from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis (Kim et al. 2013) has been reported to possess antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties, (Shieh et al. 2000, Kang et al. 2012). BAC has a flavone backbone which bears three –OH groups linked with the lipophilic aromatic structure, which makes it a powerful antioxidant (Kim et al. 2013). Scutellaria baicalensis has been widely employed for many centuries in traditional Chinese herbal medicine as a popular anti-oxidant (Shieh et al. 2000, Y. Gao et al. 2016), hepatoprotective (Nan et al. 2002, Ye et al. 2004), antibacterial (Yun et al. 2012) and antiviral agent (Huang et al. 2000).
Macrophage polarization: an effective approach to targeted therapy of inflammatory bowel disease
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2021
Yaoyao Du, Lan Rong, Yuanhua Cong, Lan Shen, Ning Zhang, Bing Wang
Baicalin is a major active flavonoid compound isolated from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. It plays a critical protective role in the intestinal tract due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiviral properties [173]. Recent studies have shown that baicalin can alleviate inflammation by affecting the NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathway [174–176], and importantly, it can promote IBD treatment by affecting macrophage polarization [177,178]. Zhu et al. studied the therapeutic effect of baicalin on IBD and found that baicalin can inhibit M1 macrophage polarization and promoted M2 macrophage polarization from in vitro level analysis [177]. Baicalin not only inhibited the expression of TNF-α and IL-23 induced by LPS but also upregulated the expression of IL-10 and Arg1 [177]. From in vivo level analysis, baicalin can significantly improve the severity of colitis induced by DSS by polarizing macrophages to M2 phenotype [177]. This effect depends on baicalin inhibiting the expression of IRF5 protein related to M1 polarization and promoting the expression of IRF4 protein related to M2 polarization [177]. Furthermore, Lai et al. found that baicalin can polarize BMDMs induced by M-CSF into M2c phenotype [178].
2-Aminoimidazoles as potent inhibitors of contaminating brewery biofilms
Published in Biofouling, 2021
Lene Jacobs, Jolien Meesters, Ilse Parijs, Geert Hooyberghs, Erik V. Van der Eycken, Bram Lories, Hans P. Steenackers
With regard to toxicity, baicalein is often ingested through the use of Scutellaria baicalensis in traditional Chinese medicine (Dinda et al. 2017) and the oral use of baicalein has successfully passed phase 1 clinical trials regarding safety in healthy volunteers (Javed and Ojha 2019). Additionally, positive effects of baicalein indigestion have also been observed, such as anti-inflammatory properties (Hsieh et al. 2007; Dinda et al. 2017), therapeutic efficacy for Parkinson's disease (Javed and Ojha 2019) and anti-carcinogenic and antioxidant effects (Liu et al. 2016; Li et al. 2019). However, some adverse effects of baicalein have also been noted. For example, baicalein influences drug metabolism and uptake inside the human body (Si et al. 2009; Dinda et al. 2017). Additionally, baicalein is an antagonist of the estrogen receptor (Schwartz 2008), and thus could potentially disturb hormone quantities and cycles, and influence fertility and pregnancy. Moreover, baicalein can have anticonvulsant, anxiolytic and sedative effects. However, these tests were not performed upon ingestion (Wasowski and Marder 2012). Therefore, more tests are required before baicalein can be used in the food industry.