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Animal Tuberculosis
Published in Lloyd N. Friedman, Martin Dedicoat, Peter D. O. Davies, Clinical Tuberculosis, 2020
In cats, treatment with three oral tablets daily may present a compliance issue and the owner may struggle with this regimen for a protracted period of time. Should this be the case, treatment should continue with two drugs alone, normally for a longer period of 6–9 months.64 The most effective combination for treatment in cats is considered to be a combination of rifampicin, isoniazid, and ethambutol. There are some newer, less toxic drugs available that may be worth considering. The fluoroquinolones have the potential to treat infection, e.g., marbofloxacin and clarithromycin can be used effectively to treat tuberculosis in animals, especially in combination with rifampicin. Clinical experience denotes the most effective treatment regime to be an initial phase of treatment with rifampicin−fluoroquinolone combination and clarithromycin or azithromycin, followed by continuation of the treatment with rifampicin and a fluoroquinolone or an azithromycin or clarithromycin alternative. To ease administration, medication can be administered as a liquid in a single syringe, or all three tablets together in a gelatin capsule. Should resistance to drug therapy develop, a rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol combination may be considered. There is natural resistance to the treatment of M. bovis with pyrazinamide, as previously mentioned.
Tropical Colorectal Surgery
Published in Peter Sagar, Andrew G. Hill, Charles H. Knowles, Stefan Post, Willem A. Bemelman, Patricia L. Roberts, Susan Galandiuk, John R.T. Monson, Michael R.B. Keighley, Norman S. Williams, Keighley & Williams’ Surgery of the Anus, Rectum and Colon, 2019
Meheshinder Singh, Kemal I. Deen
All patients with abdominal tuberculosis should receive a full course of anti-tubercular therapy. A suggested short course regimen is rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol and pyrazinamide for two months followed by rifampicin and isoniazid for four months.
Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB)
Published in Meera Chand, John Holton, Case Studies in Infection Control, 2018
Helen McAuslane, Dominik Zenner
First-line treatment for tuberculosis is: Rifampicin and isoniazidRifampicin, isoniazid, and ethambutolRifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamideRifampicin, moxifloxacin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamideCycloserine, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and moxifloxacin
Prevalence of Positive QuantiFERON-TB Test among Sarcoid Uveitis Patients and its Clinical Implications in a Country Non-endemic for Tuberculosis
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2023
Etienne Garneret, Yvan Jamilloux, Mathieu Gerfaud-Valentin, Laurent Kodjikian, Salim Trad, Pascal Sève
Local corticosteroids (drops, periocular, or intravitreous injection) and systemic treatments (oral corticosteroids, and immunosuppressive and biotherapy) were used according to the French guidelines.15 Two protocols of ATT were used: if a tuberculosis origin of uveitis was suspected, four drugs were associated (rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide) for 2 months, then a dual therapy (rifampicin, isoniazid) was administered, for a total duration of 6 months (active tuberculosis infection [ATI] regimen); if uveitis was thought to be of non-tuberculous origin but that an immunosuppressive therapy (including corticosteroids) could reactivate a latent tuberculosis, treatment consisted in a combination of rifampicin and isoniazid for 3 months (latent tuberculosis infection [LTI] regimen).
Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Vascularized Intraretinal Tuberculoma
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2022
Salvatore Parrulli, Federico Zicarelli, Alessandro Torre, Marco Pellegrini, Alessandro Invernizzi
A systemic work-up was performed. The complete blood count showed leukocytosis (WB 11 x 109/L) and serological analysis ruled out several posterior granulomatous uveitis as syphilis, Toxoplasma, Borrelia, Bartonella and sarcoidosis. QuantiFERON TB Gold was positive. Total body computerized tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography ruled out the neoplastic etiology, although several reactive lymphadenopathies were detected. The joint evaluation with an infectious disease specialist suggested a possible extra-pulmonary tuberculosis as final diagnosis with the retinal lesion in the left eye likely representing a vascularized intraretinal tuberculoma. An anti-tubercular therapy (rifampicin + isoniazid + ethambutol + pyrazinamide) plus prednisolone 0.5 mg/Kg/day was started.
Long-Term Outcomes of Oral Anti-Tubercular Therapy in Patient with Tubercular Dacryoadenitis: A Case Series
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2019
Manpreet Singh, Nalini Gupta, Zoramthara Zadeng, Nirbhai Singh, Manpreet Kaur, Pankaj Gupta
Patient 1: A 25-year-old Indian female presented with history of slowly progressive swelling below both eyebrows of 12 months duration. For last 2 months, it was associated with pain and intermittent redness for which oral anti-inflammatory and steroids were prescribed by a local practitioner. She was under treatment for type-1 diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism. On local examination, she had moon-like face and facial hirsuitism. The temporal arching of both eyebrows was lost and appeared horizontal. Both supero-temporal orbital sulci appeared full (left > right) with non-tender, diffuse lacrimal gland region masses (Figure 1a). The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anterior and posterior segment examination was within normal limits. The CT scan revealed enlarged lacrimal glands (left > right) with left orbital soft-tissue stranding and no bony erosion (Figure 1b). The FNAC was performed which revealed an epithelioid cell granuloma (Figure 1c). Her ESR was 48 mm/1st hour, Mantoux was 15 mm × 10 mm, sputum was negative for AFB, and chest X-ray (CXR) was within normal limits. A working diagnosis of TbD was kept and ATT was initiated as four-drug regimen: rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. Her symptoms resolved within 2 months of starting the ATT and at 16 months follow-up, she had no clinical or radiological recurrence.