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Rhubarb
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Gan B. Bajracharya, Richa K. Gupta
Rhein (5) displayed antitumor effects (Lin et al. 2007, He et al. 2011). Studies suggested that it induces the apoptosis in squamous carcinoma cell 4 via caspase, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial death pathways (Lin et al. 2003). It might have an inhibitory activity on apoptosis of L-02 cells induced by TNF-α and triglyceride (Wan et al. 2006). Rhein (5) reduced the Ca2+ by inhibiting the TNF-α production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peritoneal macrophages of rats and acted as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent (Yang et al. 2003). It showed anti-hyperuricemic and nephroprotective effects on urate nephropathy induced by adenine and ethambutolin in mice (Meng et al. 2015). It was effective in ameliorating diabetic renal pathological changes and attenuating hyperlipidemia (Gao et al. 2010). Rhein (5) might be a major poisonous ingredient in rhubarb (Fang et al. 2011).
Antimicrobial Properties of Traditional Medicinal Plants: Status and Potential
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Plant- and Marine-Based Phytochemicals for Human Health, 2018
V. Duraipandiyan, T. William Raja, Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi, Ignacimuthu Savarimuthu
Flindersine has been effective in the treatment of some fungal infections, with gradually increasing concentrations. The compound, along with test fungi, has been tested using the broth micro-dilution method. The results and test fungi are displayed below (Fig. 2.5). Rhein has been used to kill bacteria. The micro-dilution method was preferred for determining the inhibition of bacterial growth and antimicrobial activity (Fig. 2.6).
Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Leaves render myricyl alcohol, a flavonol portion containing isorhamnetin and kaempferol, and an anthraquinone portion (1.5 to 3.0%) containing rhein and a little aloe emodin. Rhein is antibiotic against Staphylococcus aureus.16
Rhein protects retinal Müller cells from high glucose-induced injury via activating the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1α pathway
Published in Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction, 2023
Cong Liu, Qian Cao, Yueqin Chen, Xi Chen, Yujie Zhu, Zhonghua Zhang, Wei Wei
Rhein, one of the major bioactive constituents purified from medicinal plants Rheum, belongs to the anthraquinone family. Its biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, antiallergic, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties have been reported by various studies and reviews [2]. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that Rhein prevents diabetes mellitus [5] and diabetic nephropathy [6]. In DR, the anti-inflammatory effect of Rhein has also been studied [7]. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that Rhein could attenuate inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in retinal Müller cells stimulated with high glucose. However, the effect and mechanism of Rhein on Müller cell under HG conditions have not been extensively investigated to date. The aim of the present study was to explore the pharmacological effect of Rhein on the oxidative stress and apoptosis in Müller cells cultured under HG conditions, as well as the regulatory role of AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1α in this process.
Acute and subchronic toxicity studies of rhein in immature and d -galactose-induced aged mice and its potential hepatotoxicity mechanisms
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Dong Yang, Wan-Yi Huang, Yan-Qiao Li, Shi-Yu Chen, Si-Yu Su, Yue Gao, Xian-Li Meng, Ping Wang
Rhein (4,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid), an active anthraquinone with multiple pharmacological effects, is widely distributed in many medicinal plants (Dregus and Engel 2003). In recent years, herbs containing rhein have been widely used, but intoxication cases related to this herb have occurred (Fang et al.2011). It has been found that the toxic effects of rhein can cause many diseases such as severe jaundice, acute and chronic hepatitis, liver failure and drug induced hepatitis (Yang et al.2008, Zhang et al.2009, Zheng et al.2011). Although these studies demonstrate some hepatotoxicity of rhein, the mechanism of rhein-induced hepatotoxicity remains unknown. Moreover, rhein is considered to be one of most essential active anthraquinone compounds in rhubarb root, and according to reports related to rhubarb studies, elderly subjects are more vulnerable to the toxic effects of rhubarb (Wang et al.2011). Therefore, we deduced that rhein toxicity may be age-related, and it is necessary to study the effect of age on rhein toxicity.
Hydrophobic ion-pairing assembled liposomal Rhein with efficient loading for acute pancreatitis treatment
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2021
Jinjie Zhang, Shuaishuai Wang, Huijie Cai, Tiange Feng, Zhilei Liu, Yaru Xu, Jianbo Li
Rhein (4, 5-dihydroxyanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid) is a natural anthraquinone mainly extracted from medicinal herbs rhubarb (Rheum palmatum L. or Rheumtanguticum Maxim) (Zhou et al. 2015). It has received great research attention due to its potent anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities over the last few decades (Wu et al. 2017, Zheng et al. 2019). Notably, Rhein has been commercially available on the market in the form of a di-acetylated prodrug that has shown excellent efficacy in treating osteoarthritis in over 30 countries because of its profound inhibition of IL-1 production (El-Say et al. 2016, Li et al. 2016). Multiple recent pharmacological studies have confirmed that Rhein is highly effective in inhibiting multiple pro-inflammatory signalling and the production of cytokines associated with inflammation (Li et al. 2016, Mendes et al. 2017, Shen et al. 2019, Zhuang et al. 2019). Besides, Rhein effectively decreased the inducible nitric oxide levels in LPS treated RAW 264.7 macrophages (Lakowicz, Third edition; Zhao et al. 2011). Thus, it is a promising drug characterised by multi-target function in treating inflammation.