China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Drugs in pregnancy and lactation
Published in Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara, Paediatric Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara
Studies of ampicillin have included several hundred pregnant women and reveal high placental transfer. On the contrary, cephalosporins mostly have a limited placental transfer rate and this is also the case of aminoglycosides [17–19].
Unexplained Fever in Obstetrics
Published in Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke, Unexplained Fever, 2019
Listeriosis, 2, 14, 15 caused by Listeria monocytogenes, occurs particularly during the third trimester but may occur at any stage of pregnancy. The infection has no specific clinical manifestations and often mimics influenza or pyelonephritis. The patient presents with fever, myalgia, headache, diarrhea and flank pain. Listeria monocytogenes can cause abortion. In Western Europe, 1 to 6% of abortions are attributed to this agent, which can also cause premature delivery and intrauterine fetal death. “Early” and “late” neonatal infections have been described. In the former, the organism is transmitted transplacental, in the latter the infection is acquired during delivery or postnatally or as a result of low level maternal bacteremia in the third trimester. Penicillin or ampicillin are both effective therapeutic agents.
Listeria monocytogenes
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Rahat Wadhwa Desai, Lisa M. Trimble
The current guidelines by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists state that only women with fever of 38.1°C or higher should be simultaneously tested and treated for listeriosis.129 A14-day 6 g/day dose of ampicillin is advised in nonallergic patients.129 While some studies have shown synergism between gentamicin and ampicillin for L. monocytogenes infection control, gentamicin is known to have high toxicity in humans, and is classified as a category D agent for consumption in pregnancy.122,130–132 Trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole is prescribed to patients allergic to the penicillin and related antibiotics; however, heart and neural birth defects have been associated with it's use, particularly in the first trimester of pregnancy.129,133
Chronic exposure to ampicillin alters lung microbial composition in laboratory rat
Published in Experimental Lung Research, 2023
Ping Chen, Tingting Hu, Haonan Jiang, Bing Li, Guiying Li, Pixin Ran, Yumin Zhou
Disturbance of the microbial diversity and stability has been shown to correlate with immunologic, diverse metabolic, and inflammatory disorders.12 Antibiotic exposure can alter the microbiota and is linked to the development and progression of disease. Most of the microbiome studies have focused on the gut microbiome and have examined the effects of various antibiotics on gut microbiota,13–16 yet lung microbiome study is still in its infancy and facing a series of critical challenges.17 Aerosolization and nasal sprays are efficient and noninvasive methods to deliver molecules such as antibiotics to the specific body sites.18 In humans, inhaled antibiotics have been used to treat critical lung infections,19 and nasal spray antibiotics have been reported to prevent acute otitis caused by Streptococcus salivarius in children.20 And therefore they represent a strategy to locally and efficiently modify the lung microbiota that could limit the exposure of other organs in the body. Ampicillin is the common clinical antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. Indications include respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, meningitis, salmonellosis, and endocarditis. It can also be used to prevent group B streptococcal infection in newborns.
Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans adhesion and biofilm formation with small-molecule inhibitors of sortase A from Juniperus chinensis
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2022
Eunji Cho, Ji-Yeon Hwang, Jae Sung Park, Daehyun Oh, Dong-Chan Oh, Hyeung-Geun Park, Jongheon Shin, Ki-Bong Oh
Antibacterial activities of isolated compounds were determined according to a previously described method [23] based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines [24]. Briefly, 5 mL of S. mutans OMZ65 was inoculated into brain heart infusion (BHI) broth, incubated aerobically for 16 h at 37°C, and the bacterial density was adjusted based on turbidity to match the 0.5 MacFarland standard at 625 nm. In each well of a 96-well plate, 20 μL of twofold diluted test compounds in 10% DMSO was added to 180 μL of cell culture in BHI broth and incubated for 16–20 h at 37°C. The final concentration of cells was approximately 5 × 105 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were identified as the lowest concentration that inhibited cell growth. Ampicillin was used as an antibacterial positive control.
A multicenter point prevalence survey of antibiotic use in Punjab, Pakistan: findings and implications
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2019
Zikria Saleem, Mohamed Azmi Hassali, Ann Versporten, Brian Godman, Furqan Khurshid Hashmi, Herman Goossens, Fahad Saleem
The top three most commonly prescribed antibiotics were ceftriaxone (35.0%), metronidazole (16.0%) and ciprofloxacin (6.0%) (Table 3). Ceftriaxone remained the most used antibiotic for different treatments or prophylactic use, ranging from on average 12.7% of use in the ICU to on average 40.4% of use in the medical departments (Table 4). In addition to these top three commonly used antibiotics, there was a relatively high use of amikacin (11.0%), meropenem (10.2%), piperacillin and enzyme inhibitor (10.2%) and vancomycin (9.3%) among ICU patients compared to other departments. Metronidazole IV was highest for surgical prophylaxis (26.7%). Ampicillin was most frequently used in neonates (8.8%) and infants (20.8%). Moxifloxacin was frequently prescribed among patients aged 25–65 years (4.4%) and age above 65 years (9.0%). It proved impossible to assess the quality of prescribing as currently there are no accepted national guidelines giving advice on antimicrobial prescribing in Pakistan [43].