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Dietary Fiber and Coronary Heart Disease
Published in Robert E.C. Wildman, Richard S. Bruno, Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, 2019
Thunder Jalili, Eunice Mah, Denis M. Medeiros, Robert E.C. Wildman
Other types of soluble fibers have been extensively studied for their ability to lower serum cholesterol amounts. Psyllium has received attention over the years as a soluble fiber that can reduce cholesterol levels. Psyllium is a plant whose stalks contain tiny seeds, also called psyllium, covered by husks, which is the source of the fiber. There is a great deal of soluble fiber in psyllium; in fact, 71% of the weight of psyllium is derived from soluble fiber. In contrast, only 5% of oat bran by weight is made of soluble fiber; in other words, the soluble fiber in 1 tablespoon of psyllium is equal to 14 tablespoons of oat bran. The active fraction of psyllium seed husks that is thought to be responsible for the cholesterol-lowering effects is a highly branched arabinoxylan that is composed of a xylose backbone with arabinose and xylose containing side chains.27 Interestingly, arabinoxylan from psyllium is not fermented by colonic bacteria, apparently due to an as yet to be identified structural feature of the molecule.
Short- and long-term disability
Published in Michael Y. Wang, Andrea L. Strayer, Odette A. Harris, Cathy M. Rosenberg, Praveen V. Mummaneni, Handbook of Neurosurgery, Neurology, and Spinal Medicine for Nurses and Advanced Practice Health Professionals, 2017
Bowel and bladder control—Independent management of elimination functions is important for the preservation of skin integrity, dignity, and social appropriateness. Placing patients on a scheduled daily or every 12-hours bowel program may help regulate function and avoid incontinence. Bisacodyl or glycerin suppositories should be considered and bowel programs timed after meals to take advantage of the gastrocolic reflux. Adding bulk fiber solutions such as HyFiber to formula feeds can help with both constipation and diarrhea, and adding non-habit-forming laxatives such as psyllium powder (nonsystemic, made from ground psyllium seed husks) may also promote regularity. Again, adequate hydration is important, and fluid intake should be measured daily. Timed voids every 2–4 hours should be initiated to prevent urinary incontinence, and placing patients in an upright position (males may prefer to stand if safe) will contribute to improved bladder emptying and less urinary leakage.
COVID-19: quarantine, isolation, and lifestyle diseases
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Heena Rehman, Md Iftekhar Ahmad
For the management of cardiovascular diseases, diet plays a significant role. Current guidelines suggest reducing the intake of saturated fat to less than 7% of total calories taken in a day (Eckel et al. 2014). On an average, an American consumes more than 11% of saturated fat of the total energy intake and this has increased during quarantine (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service 2016). The main source of saturated fat is not just butter; it also includes desserts, poultry dishes, meat, hamburgers, and cheese. Replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats is suggested for people suffering from cardiovascular diseases. Including fish, fruits, vegetables, whole grains are also recommended. Dietary supplements containing psyllium seed husks help in lowering levels of cholesterol. Consumption of food products containing stanols or plant sterols plays a significant role in lowering hyperlipidaemia. Consumption of alcohol should be limited to one drink for women and two drinks for men. A low sodium diet is recommended to reduce the blood pressure.