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Plant Alkaloids and Their Derivatives Relevant to Alzheimer’s Disease
Published in Atanu Bhattacharjee, Akula Ramakrishna, Magisetty Obulesu, Phytomedicine and Alzheimer’s Disease, 2020
Atanu Bhattacharjee, Akula Ramakrishna
Bioactivity-guided fractionation of extracts from tubers of Corydalis ternata (Family: Papaveraceae) isolated protopine [Figure 17.2 (xv)], which exhibited reversible competitive AChE inhibition, with an IC50 value of 30.5 μM. This finding was supported by in-vivo experiments (Keyvan et al., 2007).
Using Appropriate Methodology and Technology for Research and Development of African Traditional Medicines
Published in Charles Wambebe, African Indigenous Medical Knowledge and Human Health, 2018
Rasoanaivo Philippe, Merlin Wilcox, Bertrand Graz
Argemone mexicana contains at least three protoberberine alkaloids in similar amounts (around 0.5% in the plants from Mali) with similar antimalarial activity: berberine, protopine, and allocryptopine (IC50in vitro = 0.32, 0.32, and 1.46 mcg/mL, respectively) (Simoes-Pires, 2009). Whereas all are active in vitro, the absorption of berberine is poor in some animal models, although it can be improved by P-glycoprotein inhibitors (Pan et al., 2002). It is not known whether A. mexicana contains any P-glycoprotein inhibitors, but if it does, their concentration would also be important. The pharmacokinetics of protopine and allocryptopine are now being studied in humans, so it is not yet known which of these is the best marker, or whether there is synergy between them (in which case maybe all should be used as markers). Unlike berberine, protopine and allocryptopine show a good selectivity for Plasmodium, and their cytotoxicities are low (Simoes-Pires, 2009). Since preliminary in vivo tests using freeze-dried AM decoction were unsuccessful both in mouse and in rat models (Plasmodium berghei and Plasmodium chabaudi, respectively, unpublished results), current research is focusing on the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of plasma samples from healthy volunteers to identify plant substances or metabolites involved in such activity.
Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
As alternative source to some opium alkaloids, bloodroot has a very limited market in some American herbal shops. Bloodroot is extensively used in cough remedies, almost always with other herbs like spikenard root, balm of gilead bud, white pine, and wild cherry bark, as in Compound White Pine Syrup and other compound concoctions.29 Indians once stained their bodies with the bloody preparation, with the intent of frightening their enemies. Used also for dyeing cloth. Captain John Smith reported that the Indian maidens selected to cohabit with him painted their bodies with bloodroot. Protopine can induce brachycardia experimentally. Sanguinarine, which can induce glaucoma in experimental animals, is anticancer, antiseptic, and locally anesthetic. Once used by the Amerindians to aid in divination.18 New England Indians squeezed juice from the root into maple sugar lump as a lozenge for sore throats. Flowers have been used in herbal tea.27 Some Indians chewed the root and spat the juice onto skin burns. The extract is active against tuberculosis.
Isoquinoline alkaloids isolated from Glaucium corniculatum var. corniculatum and Glaucium grandiflorum subsp. refractum var. torquatum with bioactivity studies
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Tuba Kusman Saygi, Nur Tan, Gülbahar Özge Alim Toraman, Caglayan Unsal Gurer, Osman Tugay, Gulacti Topcu
In this study, two known aporphine alkaloids, corydine (1), and isocorydine (2), and two protopine-type alkaloids; one known as protopine (5), another one the new alkaloid glauciumoline (3), were isolated (Figure 2; Table 1) from the aerial parts of the G. grandiflorum subsp. refractum var. torquatum (Aslan 2012), collected from Van, a city located in the Eastern-Anatolia. The other Glaucium species, G. corniculatum var. corniculatum (aerial parts), collected from Konya, afforded five alkaloids. These are a known aporhine alkaloid glaucine (4) and three known protopine type alkaloids; N-methyl canadine (6), trans-protopinium (7) and cis-protopinium (8), in addition to the new protopine-type alkaloid, glauciumoline (3) (Figure 2; Table 1).
Advances in phytochemical and modern pharmacological research of Rhizoma Corydalis
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Bing Tian, Ming Tian, Shu-Ming Huang
Opiates alkaloids in RC are attached to -OMe or -OCH2O-ring structures at C-10 and C-11 sites of the parent nucleus of proptopine (61) (Feng et al. 2018). At present, four compounds have been isolated and identified, among which protopine has been reported to have significant antihepatotoxic, anti-malaria, and acetylcholine inhibitory effects (Wangchuk, Keller, Pyne, Sastraruji, et al. 2012; Wangchuk, Keller, Pyne, Willis, et al. 2012; Still et al. 2013).
Sex differences in the pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of Macleaya cordata extracts in rats
Published in Xenobiotica, 2022
Li-Xia Shen, Gao-Feng Liu, Ji-Shuang Song, Yu-Hang Cao, Xiong Peng, Rong-Rong Wu, Yan Cao, Xiao-Jun Chen, Zhaoying Liu, Zhi-Liang Sun, Yong Wu
These published studies have demonstrated that the main metabolic pathway of SA and CHE is reduction in the iminium bond, resulting in the formation of DHSA and DHCHE (Psotova et al. 2006; Vrublova et al. 2008; Kosina et al. 2011). In addition, our research team has elucidated that the NQO1 was involved in the iminium bond reduction of sanguinarine, which in turn decreased cytotoxicity and sanguinarine-induced apoptosis (Zhang et al. 2014). The activity of the NQO1 enzyme in the female rats treated with M. cordata extracts increased by 64.50 and 52.88% at 24 and 48 h, respectively. On the contrary, the activity of the NQO1 enzyme in male rats decreased by 47.55 and 23.47% at 24 and 48 h, which was statistically significance (Huang et al. 2021). We found that the treatment of rats with M. cordata extracts induced the activity of NQO1 in female rats, but inhibition activity in male rats (Huang et al. 2021). Therefore, we speculated that this might be one of the factors leading to the difference of SA and CHE residues in male and female rat tissues. Furthermore, the results also showed that the activities of AND, ERND and NQO1 in female rats can be induced after treatment of rat with Plume Poppy Total Protopine, but inhibition activities were observed in male rats (Huang et al. 2018). As we known, many studies have demonstrated that hormone is the key hormonal factor that dictates sex differences in the expression of a large number of CYPs and other drug-metabolizing enzymes (Anderson 2008; Waxman and Holloway 2009). Pregnane X receptor and the constitutive androstane receptor are known to regulate the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters (Wang et al. 2012). P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is a drug transporter protein belonging to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) membrane protein family. Functioning as a transmembrane pump, Pgp is a significant transporter in normal tissues, including the placenta, brain, intestine, testes, the liver, and kidneys (Anderson 2008). Many substrates of CYP3A4 are also substrates of Pgp and the contradictory sex differences found with CYP3A4 have been hypothesised due to sex-dependent differences in Pgp (Cummins et al. 2002). Therefore, we speculated that the differences in pharmacokinetics and tissue residues between SA and CHE may be related to the differences of metabolic enzymes, hormones and transporters in male and female rats. The difference mechanisms of these effects will require further study in the future using molecular biology technology, such as RT-PCR and Western blotting.