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Herbal Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants for Human Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2023
Hasya Nazh Ekin, Didem Deliorman Orhan
Two supplements prepared from Fumaria officinalis and C. xanthor- rhiza approved by the German Commission-E for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders were assessed in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial for their effect on IBS treatment. F. officinalis tablets were standardized (containing at least 3.75% alkaloid) on the basis of alkaloid protopine as a marker. On the other hand, C. xanthorrhiza tablets contained 20 mg spray-dried extract but were not standardized. The participants in C. xanthorrhiza group (n = 24) were treated for 18 weeks (one tablet thrice a day), whereas participants in placebo (n = 58) and F. officinalis (n = 24) groups were treated for 18 weeks (two tablets thrice a day). The participants completed the questionnaire 4 weeks before the treatment protocol, initially, 6th, 12th, and 18th weeks during the treatment. Changes in IBS-related pain and distension scores were used as the main outcome parameters. As a result of the study, no clinical significant changes in patterns of leading IBS symptoms (pain, distension, defecation irregularity) were observed in patients in the placebo, F. officinalis, and C. xanthorrhiza groups. In C. xanthorrhiza group, only one patient had adverse reactions (constipation and distension) related to the treatment, whereas eight patients in F. officinalis group had adverse reactions (constipation, distension, nausea, epigastric pain, pruritus, and loss of hair).
Argentinian Wild Plants as Controllers of Fruits Phytopathogenic Fungi
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Wild Plants, 2020
María Inés Stegmayer, Norma Hortensia Álvarez, María Alejandra Favaro, Laura Noemí Fernandez, María Eugenia Carrizo, Andrea Guadalupe Reutemann, Marcos Gabriel Derita
Many times, plant species owe their name to some related medicinal property that they perform. Fumaria officinalis, from the Latin fumus which means “smoke” and officinalis that denotes uses in medicine (Figure 6.4i), is a very polymorphous herb included in the Papaveraceae family. It is consumed in infusion, tincture or syrups as sedative, depurative, hypotensive, antiasthmatic, choleretic/cholagogue, and spasmolytic (Alonso 1998, Rombi and Robert 1998). Its pharmacological action is situated in the regulation of choleresis (Del Vitto et al. 1998). It has shown activity against pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Cladosporium herbarum (Sengul et al. 2009).
Opening eyes to therapeutic perspectives of bioactive polyphenols and their nanoformulations against diabetic neuropathy and related complications
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Rubiya Khursheed, Sachin Kumar Singh, Sheetu Wadhwa, Monica Gulati, Bhupinder Kapoor, Ankit Awasthi, Arya Kr, Rajan Kumar, Faheem Hyder Pottoo, Vijay Kumar, Harish Dureja, Krishnan Anand, Dinesh Kumar Chellappan, Kamal Dua, K. Gowthamarajan
Niosomes are similar to liposomes in structure, except they contain surfactant, which will improve the drug stability and are designed upon hydration in aqueous medium. These can be used as drug delivery system for both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. These delivery systems can be thermodynamically stable if one selects the accurate mixture of surfactant and the right stabilizer, which is typically cholesterol. They can enhance the beneficial activities of drugs by reducing clearance time from systemic circulation, increased bioavailability, and targeted drug delivery to the place of action [116]. Raafat et al. prepared niosomes of Fumaria officinalis using ether-injection method which was helpful in combating neuropathic pain in mice. The niosomes reduced allodynia and hyperalgesia. In short, Brij 52 or Span 60 and cholesterol were dissolved in ether. The mixture was slowly injected into warm phosphate buffer saline (pH = 7.4, 65°C) encompassing the maximum active portion and rotating at a continuous rate of 100 rpm. The niosomes based vesicles were formulated after ether was removed and these were kept in a refrigerator. Vesicle-size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and invitro profile release of different niosomes were detected [117].
Targeting crosstalk between Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and Nuclear factor kappa beta pathway by Nrf2 activator dimethyl fumarate in epileptogenesis
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2018
Neha Singh, Sheekha Vijayanti, Lekha Saha
DMF, a fumaric acid ester, also known as BG-12 [56], derived from Fumaria officinalis is a cell-permeable α, β-unsaturated electrophilic acceptor that can covalently react with reactive cellular nucleophiles. The mechanism of action of DMF is that after oral intake, DMF is rapidly cleaved into its active metabolite monomethyl fumarate (MMF) by esterase in the alkaline environment of the intestine. The half-life of DMF is ∼12 min, whereas of MMF is 36 h [55]. Therefore, MMF is the main metabolite that is considered the active compound in the body. MMF interacts with immune cells in blood and crosses the BBB. At the cellular level, MMF binds to cysteine 151 of Keap-1 and enables translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus [57]. It results in transcriptional upregulation of antioxidative genes such as NQO1, HO1 and others [58]. DMF also has immunomodulatory effect as it has been reported that DMF increases the production of the TH2 cytokines, i.e. anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5) and downregulates the pro-inflammatory cytokine, i.e. TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-17 in stimulated T cells [14]. A recent study reports that administration of DMF protected the BBB claudin-5 expression along with reduced brain edema formation in C57BL/6 mice undergoing experimental ischemia-reperfusion injury [16].
Contributions of Avicenna to surgery and anesthesiology
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2020
Avicenna discussed anesthetic agents as well as the diet for patients needing surgery (Table 1). Avicenna cited 43 plants and their blends as mukhaddar (anesthetics) and taskin (pain relieving) before surgery by oral, nasal or rectal route of administration. Papaver somniferum var. album, Mandragora officinarum, Conium maculatum, Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, Lactuca virosa, Solanum nigrum, Fumaria officinalis, Vitex agnus-castus, Lolium persicum, Datura metel and Commiphora myrrha are some examples [15,16].