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Application of Next-Generation Plant-Derived Nanobiofabricated Drugs for the Management of Tuberculosis
Published in Richard L. K. Glover, Daniel Nyanganyura, Rofhiwa Bridget Mulaudzi, Maluta Steven Mufamadi, Green Synthesis in Nanomedicine and Human Health, 2021
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Olugbenga Samuel Michael, Muhammad Akram, Kadiri Oseni, Ajayi Kolawole Temidayo, Osikemekha Anthony Anani, Akinola Samson Olayinka, Olerimi Samson E, Wilson Nwankwo, Iram Ghaffar, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji
The first experimental proof of the potential efficacy of new antituberculosis drugs was seen in 1940 when Promin was administered to samples of guinea pigs. After this, several other therapeutic discoveries (monotherapy and combination therapy) with different dosages and therapy duration were made towards successful antituberculosis therapy until the recent Bedaquiline and Delamanid drug agents were approved for drug-resistant TB (Singh and Sharma, 2017; Sotgiu et al., 2015).
Leprosy (Hansen's Disease)
Published in Scott M. Jackson, Skin Disease and the History of Dermatology, 2023
In the almost 70-year period between the discovery of the bacillus and the discovery of effective antibiotic therapy, one treatment gained attention and became commonplace in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: chaulmoogra oil. Extracted from the seeds of the chaulmoogra tree (Hydnocarpus wightianus), this oil had been used in Eastern medicine as a treatment for leprosy for hundreds of years.57 It was introduced into Western medicine by British physician Frederic John Mouat in 1854, but it would be another 50 years before the oil entered the mainstream in Europe and the United States. While the oral version was most effective, nausea was a limiting side effect. Intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous injections were instead tried but led to varying degrees of complications such as pain and abscess formation. Esters of the fatty acids in the chaulmoogra oil were extracted and given, also with mixed results. The drug reached its peak use in the 1920s and 1930s, before falling out of favor when the first antibiotic for leprosy, promin, was developed in the 1940s.58 Promin is the pro-drug of dapsone, which became the mainstay of treatment until antibiotic resistance was noted in the 1960s; that same decade saw the introduction of clofazimine and rifampicin. When each drug is used alone, all three can develop resistance, but the combination of these three drugs, called multi-drug therapy and advocated since 1981, can now effectively cure a person of this disease in 6 to 12 months. Isolation of infected patients is no longer necessary as antibiotic treatments erase the infectiousness of a person with this disease.
Psychometric properties of the Clarke questionnaire for hypoglycemia awareness in the Spanish population with type 2 diabetes
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2023
Domingo Orozco-Beltrán, Edurne Lecumberri-Pascual, Jose A. Quesada, Oscar Moreno-Pérez, Manuel A. Ruiz-Quintero, Francisco J. Pomares-Gómez, Esteban Jodar-Gimeno, Carlos Pardo-Ruiz, Isabel Mascarell-Martinez, Rosa M. Mirete-López, Borja Morant-Bes, Jose M Borrachero-Guijarro, Miriam Zapatero-Larrauri, Maria Carmen Aparicio-Egea, Carmen Paniagua-Merchán, Rosa M. Requena-Ferrer, Elena Caride-Miana, Antonio Fernández-Giménez, Adriana López-Pineda, Rauf Nouni-García, Concepción Carratalá-Munuera, Ana M. Cebrián-Cuenca
Parallel analysis indicated a 2-factor (S2) or 3-factor (S3) solution. Table 3 shows the factorial loads with robust Promin rotation, as well as the goodness of fit indicators for the two solutions. The 3-factor solution has slightly better goodness-of-fit indicators than the 2-factor solution. The RMSEA indicator was not suitable in either solution, exceeding the value of 0.1 in both cases, but the CFI and GFI indicators exceeded the threshold of 0.95 in both solutions. The bifactorial solution explained 65.2% of the variability, and the trifactorial solution 79.7% (Table 3).
Roland-Morris disability questionnaire is bidimensional and has 16 items when applied to community-dwelling older adults with low back pain
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2023
Kelly Sayuri Takara, Larissa Alamino Pereira de Viveiro, Patricia Albuquerque Moura, Amélia Marques Pasqual, José Eduardo Pompeu
The Robust Unweighted Least Squares (RULS) method was used to extract data from EFA and minimize residuals [20], and the non-orthogonal Promin rotation technique was used in case the questionnaire displayed more than one dimension [45]. The extraction of items was considered acceptable for factor loadings between 0.50 and 0.85 and communalities between 0.40 and 0.70 [20,42]. The qualitative analysis of each item and the theoretical construct of the questionnaire were also considered in the case of item removal [20].
DF-8: a specific scale for assessing work fatigue in professional drivers
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Patricia Tàpia-Caballero, María-José Serrano-Fernández, Joan Boada-Grau, Maria Boada-Cuerva, Luis Araya-Castillo, Andreu Vigil-Colet
The results of the Bartlett sphericity test (χ2 = 55.224; df= 20; p = 0.00) show that the EFA is appropriate [36]. The sample adequacy is 0.918. Parallel analysis [34,37] and the ‘minimum partial partial’ criterion of Velicer [38] confirmed that the eight-item unifactorial solution is adequate (Table 2). The Promin rotation method was used to establish the EFA [39]. The variance explained was 46.00%.