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Information on level of drugs into breastmilk
Published in Wendy Jones, Breastfeeding and Medication, 2018
Proguanil is metabolised in the body to the active anti-malarial drug cycloguanil. Its use is becoming limited due to the development of resistance. It is licenced in paediatric formulations with babies under 6.0 kg (0 to 12 weeks of age) being recommended to be given one-eighth the adult dose. The BNF states that although it is present in breastmilk the risk to the infant is minimal. Although all anti-malarials are present in breastmilk the amounts reached are inadequate to provide adequate prophylaxis and the infant should receive its own medication.
Treatment and prevention of malaria
Published in David A Warrell, Herbert M Gilles, Essential Malariology, 2017
David A Warrell, William M Watkins, Peter A Winstanley
Proguanil is used most commonly in combination with chloroquine for the prophylaxis of mildly chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria and also in a fixed combination with atovaquone (as Malarone) (Canfield et al., 1995).
Strategies to increase access to basic sickle cell disease care in low- and middle-income countries
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2022
Meghna Dua, Halima Bello-Manga, Yvonne M. Carroll, Aisha Amal Galadanci, Umma Abdulsalam Ibrahim, Allison A. King, Ayobami Olanrewaju, Jeremie H. Estepp
Malaria infection is the most common and potent trigger of vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) in SCD patients living in malaria-endemic countries [62]. This underscores the importance of preventing malaria in patients with SCD living in these settings [63,64]. The WHO recommends that SCD patients in endemic areas should receive antimalarial prophylaxis [65] since prophylaxis is effective at reducing malaria infection [65–67]. Moreover, patients with SCD in tropical countries should receive a complete set of local routine immunizations [68,69]. There are several options for malaria prophylaxis regimens, including proguanil, chloroquine, pyrimethamine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. Proguanil is recommended based on its lower side effect profile and the observation that adherence to once daily dosing is better than multiple times daily dosing.
Pharmacotherapy for the prevention of malaria in pregnant women: currently available drugs and challenges
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2018
Brioni R. Moore, Timothy M. E. Davis
Proguanil is a well-tolerated drug, with few adverse effects reported. Commonly reported side-effects include mild headache, cough, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Occasional reports of dizziness, oral ulcers, neutropenia, and anemia have occurred after long-term prophylaxis, although these reactions are rarely severe [15]. Excessive dosing can result in allergic reactions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and vasculitis. Severe renal impairment is a contraindication as drug accumulation can lead to pancytopenia [34]. There is currently little safety data for the use of proguanil prophylaxis during pregnancy.
Chemotherapeutic and prophylactic antimalarial drugs induce cell death through mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in murine models
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2021
John Oludele Olanlokun, Folashade Abimbola Balogun, Olufunso Olabode Olorunsogo
Proguanil is a prophylactic medication for malaria. Although, the side effects of antimalarial drugs on the oxidative stress of the host system had been widely studied, there is paucity of information on the responses of host mitochondria to therapeutic and prophylactic antimalarial drugs, precisely artesunate and proguanil. It is in this regard, that we investigate the cytotoxic effects of artesunate, and proguanil on mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis.