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Cardiovascular Protection Effects of Proanthocyanidins
Published in Catherina Caballero-George, Natural Products and Cardiovascular Health, 2018
Graham C. Llivina, Megan M. Waguespack, Angela I. Calderón
Procyanidin B2 effects have also been tested on rat heart mitochondria. Procyanidin B2 (0.7–17.9 ng/mL) increased State 2 rate of respiration of the mitochondria while inhibiting State 3 respiration. Because it possesses a concentration-dependent uncoupling effect on oxidative phosphorylation, procyanidin B2 may be advantageous in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Procyanidin B2 may also indirectly affect ROS production (Kopustinskiene et al., 2015).
Selected Botanicals and Plant Products That Lower Blood Glucose (Continued)
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Type 2 Diabetes, 2018
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
After the HPCE was fractionated by a Sephadex LH-20 column, 32 procyanidins were identified by LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS in lychee pulp for the first time. Quantification of individual procyanidin in HPCE indicated that epicatechin, procyanidin B2, procyanidin C1, and A-type procyanidin trimer were the main procyanidins.
Extensive metabolism of flavonoids relevant to their potential efficacy on Alzheimer’s disease
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2021
Procyanidin B2 (epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin) is a B-type procyanidin dimer linked by interflavan bond between C-4 and C-8 in another unit, and procyanidin A2 (epicatechin-(2β→O→7, 4β→8)-epicatechin) contains an additional ether linkage between the C-2 of the upper unit and the oxygen linked to C-7 of the lower unit, while the lower unit of procyanidin A1 (epicatechin-(2β→O→7, 4β→8)-catechin) was catechin linked in the same way as procyanidin A2, indicating that A-type ones contain an additional interflavan bond.
Protective effect of Zizyphus lotus jujube fruits against cypermethrin-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in mice
Published in Biomarkers, 2018
Khazri Abdelhafidh, Lazher Mhadhbi, Ali Mezni, Sellami Badreddine, Hamouda Beyrem, Ezzeddine Mahmoudi
The analysis of new cultivars from North Tunisia Zizyp jujube fruits revealed the presence of a wide range of flavonoid phenolics (Table 1). Concerning jujubes, different flavan-3-ols and flavonols (mainly quercetin derivatives), flavanone and dihydrochalcone were found, as expected. Content of total phenolic compounds ranged between 1409.75 and 8432 mg/100 g dw, only polymeric proanthocyanidins, procyanidin B2, quercetin, epicatechin and catechin were more abundant.
Therapeutic potential of PGC-1α in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) – the involvement of mitochondrial quality control, autophagy, and antioxidant response
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2021
Juha Hyttinen, Janusz Blasiak, Pasi Tavi, Kai Kaarniranta
Procyanidin B2 (epicatechin-(4β-8)-epicatechin) is a natural compound present in cinnamon, litchi fruits, and grape vines. It promotes the AMPK1a expression and phosphorylation of AMPK protein, with activation of PGC-1α being detected [126]. In addition, procyanidin B2 has been shown to protect RPE cells from oxidative stress by modulating NFE2L2 signaling [127].