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Role of Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Hemorrhoids
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants for Human Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2023
Yaw Duah Boakye, Daniel Obeng Mensah, Eugene Kusi Agyei, Richard Agyen, Christian Agyare
Several pharmacological studies conducted on extracts of Vitis vinifera showed antioxidant, antipyretic, antinociceptive, hepatoprotection, and cardioprotection properties.37 Also, the use of V. vinifera extracts for their anti-hemorrhoidal property in traditional medicine has been reported. V. vinifera extracts are rich in polyphenols, such as stilbenes, catechins, and flavonoids.40 Caffeic acid, kaempferol glycosides, resveratrol, and quercetin have been identified as the main compounds responsible for the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities.6,25
Plant Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
A grape is a berry fruit of the vines (Vitis) originally from the Mediterranean region. There are a few thousand varieties of Vitis vinifera grapes; some of them have commercial values. Grape is eaten fresh or processed to make wine, jam, juice, jelly, raisins, grape seed extract, grape seed oil, and vinegar. Grape berries contain three major types of tissue: skin, flesh, and seeds (77–78). Grapes have high soluble healthy sugar, fiber, and water content. They are a rich source of vitamins: B1, B2, B5, B6, C, K, and minerals (calcium, magnesium, potassium) (77–78). Grape berries are very rich in potassium (78). Grapes also contain a variety of colored phenolic antioxidants such as anthocyanidins and resveratrol which are responsible for the color of purple grapes and red wines (72, 77–78). Grapes grow in clusters, and their colors vary from yellow, green, orange, pink to crimson, dark blue, and black. The darker the colors, the richer the grapes are in antioxidants.
Topical Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis
Published in Donald Rudikoff, Steven R. Cohen, Noah Scheinfeld, Atopic Dermatitis and Eczematous Disorders, 2014
The US FDA recently approved two products as medical devices for treating signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis. The first, Mimyx, is a cream containing the cannabinoid palmitoylethanolamide, an endogenous bioactive fatty acid deficient in atopic skin; the other, Atopiclair, is a cream containing a mixture of ingredients including glycyrrhetinic acid, telmestine, Vitis vinifera, capryloyl glycine, shea butter, and hyaluronic acid. Palmitoylethanolamine binds to cannabinoid receptors on mast cells and other immune cells and modulates their response to antigens. Levels of histamine, and interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, and IL-8 are reduced. Palmitoylethanolamine also binds to cannabinoid receptors in nerve fibers and decreases pruritus and burning messaging to the brain. Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) inhibits 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, an enzyme responsible for the conversion of cortisol into cortisone. GA also selectively inhibits the complement cascade. Vitis vinifera (grapevine) contains bioflavonoid antioxidants and telmestine. It has anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of metalloproteases. The agents in both products are formulated to restore and maintain proper skin barrier function (Abramovits and Boguniewicz 2006, Abramovits and Perlmutter 2006).
Chemopreventive and Anti-tumor Potential of Natural Products in Oral Cancer
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Andrés Cardona-Mendoza, Geovanny Olivares-Niño, David Díaz-Báez, Gloria Inés Lafaurie, Sandra J. Perdomo
Grape seed extract Vitis vinifera is an effective antioxidant with phytochemicals including resveratrol and proanthocyanidins, which have demonstrated significant cancer chemoprevention benefits (90). Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound present in grapes, showed chemopreventive properties against several cancer types and was reported to block proliferation, promote cell cycle arrest, and induce apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant human OC CAR cells mediated by the AMPK and Akt/mTOR signaling activation (59). Proanthocyanidin, a bioactive component of grape seed, inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma Tca8113 cells, which is mediated by suppression of the protein kinase B/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) into the nucleus, and inhibition of secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9.
Gastroprotective effect of leaf extract of two varieties grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) native wild and cultivar grown in North of Tunisia against the oxidative stress induced by ethanol in rats
Published in Biomarkers, 2020
Nabil Saadaoui, Asma Weslati, Taha Barkaoui, Ikram Khemiri, Wafa Gadacha, Abdelaziz Souli, Moncef Mokni, Mounira Harbi, Mossadok Ben-Attia
Two accessions of Vitis vinifera L. contain one wild native grapevine ‘Nefza-I’ and one cultivar ‘Marsaoui’ were used in this study. Both varieties were collected under the same edaphoclimatic conditions and agronomic practices from a vineyard collection managed by the ‘Institut National de Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie’ (INRAT, Ariana, north of Tunisia). This collection of autochthonous vines (spontaneous and cultivated) is entirely dedicated to the conservation, the characterization and the valorization of the biodiversity of the vine. Grapevine leaves were collected during the grapevine harvest season (August 2015). Theses leaves were initially washed thoroughly under cold distilled water, air-dried at ambient temperature (20–25 °C), and freeze-dried. Thereafter the plant material powdered using an electric blinder to obtain a powder, which encapsulated under vacuum and stored at room temperature in dry place priori to use. The plants were authenticated as Vitis vinifera by Pr Mounira HARBI-BEN SLIMANE at the INRAT.
Protective effect of raisin (currant) against spatial memory impairment and oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease model
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2019
Mohammad Gol, Davoud Ghorbanian, Nabiollah Soltanpour, Jamshid Faraji, Mohsen Pourghasem
According to the reported data on Al, the oxidative stress induced by Al metal also modifies the peroxidation of lipids and alters the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes.14 The antioxidant enzymes have a role in eliminating the reactive oxidative species (ROS) from the body. Different types of ROS are keep on generating inside the cell, one of the important organelle that produces ROS is mitochondria. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, as it generates energy in the form of ATP but it is also the source ROS production. These ROS produced by neuronal mitochondria if not eliminated due to altered activity of anti-oxidative enzymes, gets accumulated with in the brain cells and would lead to the oxidative stress inside the cell resulting into neuronal damage.15 Oxidative stress induces the mitochondrial abnormalities that has an important role in degenerative disease such as AD.16 Therefore, antioxidant are considered as one of the important component as it plays a protective role by eliminating ROS and prevents neuronal damage from ROS.17 Antioxidants are our first line of defense against free radical damage, and are critical for maintaining optimum health and well-being.18 A part of certain cellular enzymes which has an antioxidant property are found in some medicinal plants and fruits that carry antioxidant constituents. In this regard, unveiling the potential of such plants opens a new chapter in our lives in many aspects, especially diagnosis and treatment of many ailments and most importantly monitoring for finding treatments for neurodegenerative disorders.19–21 One of the mentioned plants or fruits is grapes (Vitis vinifera) which have high health benefits. There are a number of reports which determine the health benefits of grapes and wine, but investigation about dried grapes (raisins, including ‘sultanas’ and ‘currants’) are still in the early stages. Raisins contain a variety of flavonoids and antioxidants such as anthocyanin, phenolic acid, tannin, vitamins, proanthocyanidin and high amount of phenolics.22,23 The phenolic compounds occurring in red wine, grapes, raisin, and grape juice include flavonoids, notably flavan-3-ols (catechins and procyanidins), anthocyanins and flavonols as well as nonflavonoid compounds such as hydroxycinnamic acids and hydroxybenzoic acids.22,23 It has been reported that polyphenols exert beneficial effects in experimental models of memory impairment due to their strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. According to previous documented studies on aged rats, consumption of polyphenols plays a role in enhancing cognitive function. Other studies on taking diets supplemented with antioxidants reduce the incidence of neurogenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s and AD.24–28