China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Cinchona officinalis (Cinchona Tree) and Corylus avellana (Common Hazel)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Sawsan A. Oran, Arwa Rasem Althaher, Mohammad S. Mubarak
For more than four centuries, the bark of the Cinchona tree was the primary treatment of malaria. According to studies, a few Cinchona species including, C. calisaya, C. ledgeriana, C. officinalis, and C. pubescens (C. succirubra), have a high quinine level and cinchonine alkaloids (Kaufman and Ruveda, 2005). Jesuit monks discovered the medical potential of Cinchona bark at Loxa (now Loja, Ecuador) in the 17th century, and shipments of different types of Cinchona pubescens Vahl (red bark) from South America to Europe quickly reached half a million kg bark each year (Roersch van der Hoogte and Pieters, 2015). Because imports were insufficient to fulfill demand, the British, Dutch, and French empires embarked on a search for the most productive source of Cinchona trees in order to create plantations. Cinchona calisaya Wedd. (Yellow bark) from Bolivia is proven to be the most productive species to date (Greenwood, 1992; Nair, 2010).
The nineteenth century
Published in Michael J. O’Dowd, The History of Medications for Women, 2020
Peruvian bark, Cinchona officinalis, also known as ‘cinchona bark’, ‘Jesuits’ bark, ‘Cardinal’s bark’, ‘red bark’ (Cinchona pubescens), ‘bark’ and eventually as ‘Peruvian Cort.’, was the bark of an evergreen tree from Peru, Cinchona succirubra. Peruvian bark was introduced into Europe in 1640 and was first advertised for sale in England by James Thompson in 1658. It was made official in the London Pharmacopoeia of 1677 as cortex Peruanus (also as Cinchona officinalis) and was prescribed as a febrifuge, tonic and astringent. Carl Linnaeus, in his Materia Medica (1749) named the Peruvian bark ‘cinchona’, noting that it came from Loxa, in Peru, and that it was used for critical fevers.
Status of Research on Medicinal Plants in the Cajamarca’s Region, Peru
Published in José L. Martinez, Amner Muñoz-Acevedo, Mahendra Rai, Ethnobotany, 2019
Juan F. Seminario Cunya, Berardo Escalante Zumaeta, Alejandro Seminario Cunya
In this scenario, the study by Vásquez et al. (2010), which documents in detail the morphology, distribution and conservation status and uses of 130 medicinal species of northern Peru, emphasizes that several wild medicinal species that are harvested for the market are in the disappearing process. Among these, the authors cited the valeriana (Valeriana pilosa), huamanripa (Senecio tephrosioides), vira vira (Senecio canescens), azarcito (Isertia krausei), cascarilla (Cinchona pubescens), añasquero (Dyssodia jelskii) and uña de gato (Uncaria tomentosa). However, some of the mentioned species are not considered within the categorization of endangered species of wild flora of Peru (DS-043-2006-AG 2006), so it is necessary to review and update it.
Acute toxic kidney injury
Published in Renal Failure, 2019
Nadezda Petejova, Arnost Martinek, Josef Zadrazil, Vladimir Teplan
Nature has always been a prolific source of information and treatment options for humans from ancient times. Plants and their extracts have been used in medicine for centuries for their curative effects in a large number of pathological circumstances. Many of our primary medicines are of plant origin, e.g., digoxin manufactured from Digitalis lanata, morphine and codeine from Papaver somniferum, chemotherapeutic agents Paklitaxel – an alkaloid from Taxus brevifolia, vinca-alkaloids (vinblastin, vincristin) from the periwinkle plant Catharanthus roseus, the important hepatoprotective agent silymarin extracted from Silybum marianum or milk thistle and quinine from Cinchona pubescens [34–36].