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Rapid Kindling: Behavioral and Electrographic
Published in Steven L. Peterson, Timothy E. Albertson, Neuropharmacology Methods in Epilepsy Research, 2019
At the end of every experiment, electrode positions should be marked for confirmation of correct position by histology. Fast Green can be iontophoresed from the recording electrode (-20 nA for 20 min) and current passed through the stimulating electrode (1 mA for 10 s). The animal is then perfused through the heart with 1% potassium ferrocyanide in 10% buffered formalin (100 ml). The Fast Green leaves a green spot. The current passed through the stimulating electrodes leave either a lesion or will plate some metal into the tissue which reacts with the ferrocyanide to leave a blue spot. The brain is subsequently equilibrated in sucrose-formalin, cut on a sliding microtome, and stained with Cresyl Violet. Routine examination of the electrode positions prevents a gradual shift in electrode placement between experiments and may help determine why a particular experiment did not work as well as another.
Metals
Published in Frank A. Barile, Barile’s Clinical Toxicology, 2019
Anirudh J. Chintalapati, Frank A. Barile
Industrially, Fe is used in powder metallurgy and as a catalyst in chemical reactions. Steel is one of the most important alloys of iron and is incorporated into construction materials. Ferric ferrocyanide, a dark blue, amorphous solid formed by the reaction of potassium ferrocyanide with a ferric salt (Prussian blue), is used as a pigment in paint and in laundry bluing. Potassium ferricyanide (red prussiate of potash) is obtained from ferrous ferricyanide (Turnbull’s blue) and is integrated into blueprint paper.
Enzymes
Published in Stephen W. Carmichael, Susan L. Stoddard, The Adrenal Medulla 1986 - 1988, 2017
Stephen W. Carmichael, Susan L. Stoddard
It is apparent from the above discussion that, for dopamine hydroxylation within the chromaffin vesicle, donation of electrons is required from a source outside the vesicle. Ahn and Klinman (1987) studied the ATP-dependent hydroxylation of dopamine in chromaffin vesicle ghosts preloaded with potassium ferrocyanide at various concentrations and subsequently exposed to either ascorbate or ferrocyanide in the assay medium. Their results demonstrated that both internal and external reductants activate hydroxylation and that they appear to act independently of each other. Ahn and Klinman (1987) suggested that electron donors may reduce membrane-bound enzyme on the outside surface of the membrane.
Antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of sequentially extracted Terminalia prunioides pods
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Phazha Baeti, Keagile Bati, Kabo Masisi, Goabaone Gaobotse, Tebogo Kwape
This assay was used as described by [27] with some modifications, by running the experiment in serial dilutions instead of 1 concentration, and evaluating FRAP reduction in percentages. 1.0 N hydrochloric acid (HCl) was prepared by adding 8.3 mL of HCl into 100 mL of distilled water. Plant extracts and gallic acid were serial diluted into concentrations of 0.0312, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/mL. 40 µL of each concentration of plant extracts and gallic acid, were added to the wells of a 96 well plate.100 µL of 1.0 N HCl was added to the 96 well plates. Followed by adding 20 µL of 1% sodium dodecylsulphate and 30 µL 1% of potassium ferrocyanide. The reaction was left to incubate for 20 minutes at 50°C. Absorbance was read at 750 nm using a MULTISKAN FC microplate reader (Thermo Scientific, USA).
Pistacia atlantica Desf. roots extract: LC-ESI-MS Analysis, antioxidant activity and gastroprotective effect on experimentally-induced ultrastructural gastric ulcers in mice
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2021
Marwa Ben Hmed, Hichem Alimi, Fatma Guesmi, Feriel Elatrech, Nacim Zouari, Yassine Chtourou, Ridha Ben Salem, Ghayth Rigane, Slim Cherif
The reduction of the Fe3+/ferricyanide complex to the ferrous form using P. atlantica aqueous root extract (PR) was evaluated according to the method of Yildrim et al.13 Briefly, phosphate buffer solution (0.2 M; pH 6.6) and potassium ferrocyanide (1%) was added to various concentrations of PR (500 µl of 5–800 µg/ml). Following the incubation at 50°C for 30 min, TCA (10%) was added, and the mixture was centrifuged at 3000 × g for 10 min. Then, distilled water and ferric chloride (1 g/l) were added to each sample solution. Absorbance was measured at 700 nm using a Shimadzu spectrophotometer; a higher absorbance indicates a higher ferric reducing power (FRAP). Ascorbic acid was used as positive control and the values are presented as the means of three independent experiments.
Canalicular system reorganization during mouse platelet activation as revealed by 3D ultrastructural analysis
Published in Platelets, 2021
Irina D. Pokrovskaya, Michael Tobin, Rohan Desai, Smita Joshi, Jeffrey A. Kamykowski, Guofeng Zhang, Maria A. Aronova, Sidney W. Whiteheart, Richard D. Leapman, Brian Storrie
Isolated platelet suspensions were further fixed using 0.1 M cacodylate buffer containing 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2 mM CaCl2 for 1 h in ice. Cells were washed three times with cold 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer containing 2 mM CaCl2 and spun at 600 × g for 5 min. Samples were fixed in 3% potassium ferrocyanide in 0.3 M cacodylate buffer with 4 mM CaCl2 combined with an equal volume of 4% osmium tetroxide for 1 h in ice. After washing five times with H2O samples were then placed in a 0.22 μm-Millipore-filtered 1% thiocarbohydrazide (TCH) solution in ddH2O for 20 min following five washes with double-distilled water (ddH2O) at RT each for 3 min. Samples were fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide in ddH2O for 30 min at RT following five washes with ddH2O at RT each for 3 min and then placed in 1% uranyl acetate (aqueous) for overnight at 4°C. The next day, samples were washed five times with ddH2O at RT each for 3 min and processed for en bloc Walton’s lead aspartate staining at 60°C for 30 min following five washes with ddH2O at RT each for 3 min. Samples were dehydrated and proceed for resin embedding.